The Craft of the Cover - 2628 Words

There is nothing new under the sun. This could be considered to be the unofficial credo of the Postmodern movement, and it wouldn’t be an inaccurate statement to make. There are few universal themes; the pursuit of love, the satisfaction found in hard work, the youthful struggle against the status quo, the hatred of oppression and control being among those most often quoted, and there are only so many ways to package and repackage these messages in a fashion readymade for public consumption. Pop culture is like a melting pot for these ideas. It is a cultural stew brimming with themes and Grand Narratives. And yet the Postmodernists scorn the idea that there can be new themes discovered, and new modes of presenting those themes in a†¦show more content†¦Understandably, this could be construed as laziness on the part of the artists. In David Harvey’s writings on Postmodernity, he discusses the chaos and superficiality that has accompanied our modern condition. Mo dernism had a certain idealism accompanying it, and Postmodernists, Harvey argues, have attempted to co-opt that idealism while at the same time diminishing the accomplishments of Modernism. â€Å"As even Jencks admits, Postmodernists have taken over all the achievements of the Modernists in architectural design, although they have certainly altered aesthetics and appearances in at least superficial ways† (Harvey, 179). This of course is the exact same practice that modern musicians are engaging in, claiming the musical achievements of those that came before and dressing them up in a new aesthetically appealing way. Harvey goes on to make the argument that this co-optation is occurring because of essentially a lack of imagination, or desire, in the Postmodernists in creating new Grand Narratives. It seems more sensible to me to see the latter [Postmodernism] as a particular kind of crisis in the former [Modernism], one that emphasizes the fragmentary, the ephemeral, and the chaotic side of Baudelaire’sShow MoreRelatedProviding For Homeland Security During The United States1496 Words   |  6 Pages sensor deployment, and intervention. Sensor deployment is the least addressed of these three areas due to several issues inherent to the marine space. Platforms for sensor deployment must be able to persist at sea for varying periods of time and cover wide swaths of water with minimal power. Additionally, they must convey the data they collect back to shore without the advantage of land-based networks. Finally, varied cost constraints restrict the use of many of these platforms. Various platformsRead MoreObservation of Cabinet Meeting for a Craft Show Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesObservation of Cabinet Meeting for a Craft Show I went to observe a meeting of an organization. This is an organization of select craftsmen who try and get there handcrafted wares to the public. The purpose of the meeting is to plan and organize craft shows and how they are going to get the people to come to the shows. The main topics of the meeting was craft shows and different items the members were going to try and sell to the public. The organization meets once a monthRead MoreEssay On Mats765 Words   |  4 PagesDecorate your home on the cheap with these easy ideas for refinishing old items once destined for the trash and simple craft projects that require only a few inexpensive supplies. Plus, we’ve made your DIY coin bank even easier by creating the perfect label! Tray Chiccabinet-tray Old cabinet door destined for the landfill? Don’t be so closed-minded! With paint and a pair of drawer pulls, a salvaged cabinet door makes a great tray for entertaining. Fill any holes in the board with wood filler fromRead MoreProject Charter Essay1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthe product create a safe haven for those children with working parents or those who need care for any reason throughout the summer months but it also inspires creativity and engages the imagination while keeping the brain active through arts and crafts and reading. Objectives What objectives, if any, of the company is this project designed to meet? The objective is to become more involved within the community, while using community funded businesses, such as the local library and localRead MoreAristotle s View On How Virtuous Action Differs From That Of Craft1370 Words   |  6 Pagesexamine Aristotle’s view on how virtuous action differs from that of craft (techne) action due to its issuing from a firm and unchanging disposition, as well as provide Aristotle’s reasoning as to why this is the case. In order to understand the differences between these two types of actions, one must first understand the similarities that both virtuous action and craft action share. Once the common traits of both virtuous and craft action have been examined, it will be possible to gain a better understandingRead MoreMarine Amphibious Warfare During World War II1184 Words   |  5 Pagesof your choice during World War II represent a continuum of development from either an earlier war or represent a radical departure from the same? From the shores of Tripoli to beaches of Kuwait the innovation and design of the amphibious landing craft(LCPL) has crossed many thresholds occupied by enemies that deemed it formidable by any attempt to utilize as an entry point of invading forces. However, Americans have never taken the road most traveled in means of warfare. America has been seen asRead MoreThe United States Government Covers Up Files And Reports1124 Words   |  5 Pages There s something in the sky! This Paper will prove that the United States Government covers up files and reports; and most of the files, and evidence are locked away at area 5e1. For decades area 51 and cover up stories have captured the eye of people, TV, and the internet. The government has covered up numerous accounts, stories, and reports. People often ask many questions about Area 51 such as, where is it, what is it, what is kept there, how big is it, and many more questions of that natureRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Bedford Boys 1690 Words   |  7 Pageswould face alone... they would be on separate landing craft in the first wave of the Omaha assault. With various backgrounds, and personal experience they all brought an interesting perspective to the company. Ray Nance was one of the officers in the company, he was a soft-spoken man, but with I high intelligence he was proud to be an officer in the National Guard. At 28 years old he Remembers minutes before the boys getting on the landing craft. He went by and softly touched all of the 34 on theRead MoreCraft vs Profession Essay760 Words   |  4 Pagespolice officers holding a degree and that is whether the law enforcement career is a profession or craft. Although, the classification of police work as a craft, trade, or a profession was the subject of intense controversy, there appeared to be little doubt that the trend toward professionalization was exerting a powerful impact on the field of law enforcement. Many officers argue that policing is a craft that you must have passion for and academies are irrelevant to learning police work. In orderRead MoreSalem Witch Trials : A Part Of History1018 Words   |  5 Pagescolonist were mostly made up of Puritans. Puritans were lead on the firm foundation that the Bible was, is and still the only word. This lead to the belief that this was the only way to convict, judge and execute those of a satanic faith, such as witch craft. The Salem Witch Trials were mostly conducted between the months of February 1692 through the middle of May 1693. By the end of this period over 200 men, women and children were accused of being witches. These accusations were brought on by a group

Working With Children And Young People - 2042 Words

When working with children and young people it is important to know the aims and responsibilities for your setting. The government frame work, Every Child Matters (ECM) places great importance on partnership working. The five outcomes for ECM are †¢ Be healthy †¢ Stay safe †¢ Enjoy and achieve †¢ Make a positive contribution †¢ Achieve economic well-being It is very important that everyone working together with children and young people finds out about the five outcomes and bases their working practice on them. When people working with children and young people work together it can be very positive for the children concerned. The adults could be †¢ Parents †¢ Carers †¢ Colleagues †¢ Professionals †¢ Multi-disciplinary teams They need to: †¢ Communicate †¢ Exchange information †¢ Share their knowledge and expertise †¢ Understand each other’s roles. This partnership working can be called multi-agency working or integrated working If your setting work well as a team, you will enjoy your work more and work more effectively – and the children will benefit. Then it can have a positive impact on children’s and young peoples: †¢ Health †¢ Development †¢ Learning †¢ Relationships The Early Years Foundation (EYFS) makes it clear that, if different agencies work together, it would improve the outcome for the children in their learning and development. It also shows the importance of creating effective relationships with the people you work with and respecting their expertise. You will also beShow MoreRelatedWorking With Children And Young People1748 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 087: Work with Children and Young People in a Residential Care Setting 1 Understand the legal, policy, rights and theoretical framework for residential care for children and young people 1.1 Explain Current theoretical approaches to residential provision for children and young people: Attachment theory – a model of psychology that tries to how long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between people develop. Separation/Loss theory tries to explain the insecure attachment behaviourRead MoreThe Importance Of Working With Children And Young People And Their Families1722 Words   |  7 PagesUk, 2015) supports that working together to safeguard children enables different services to come together to prevent problems occurring. It is and effective way of supporting children and young people and their families ensuring that additional â€Å"needs are met. Trodd et al. (2011) commented that people working with children needs to explore the values and principles as they focus them on sustainable changes in their skills, attitudes and behaviours that can help children and future society.† ThisRead MoreWorking Together for the Benefit of Children and Young People2163 Words   |  9 PagesCU1523 Working together for the benefit of children and young people 1.1 Multi-agency working aims to support children and young people earlier to ensure they meet the five Every Child Matters (ECM) outcomes. The five outcomes of ECM state that we need to be working together to achieve the best possible outcomes for children in our setting. These outcomes are: †¢ Be healthy †¢ Stay safe †¢ Enjoy and achieve †¢ Make a positive contribution †¢ Achieve economic well being Multi-agency working bringsRead MoreUnderstanding Partnership Working in Service with Children and Young People981 Words   |  4 Pages| 013 Understand Partnership Working in Services for Children and Young People - Questions | | Task A Questions | 1 Why is it important for children and young people that you work in partnership with the following people/groups? | | (a) Parents, carers, guardians | | This is the most important partnership as Parents/carers need to feel confident with the setting and it’s staff. They will want and expect the highest level of care for their child. Nurturing a partnership with Parents/carersRead MoreWhy Working Partnership With Others Is Important For Children And Young People1351 Words   |  6 PagesWhy working in partnership with others is important for children and young people. Partnerships help children and young people to interact with others to achieve a common goal to mutual benefit. It helps to forget and understanding of how others work (not necessarily as we would) and good common human interaction possibly reducing selfishness, creating leadership skills and teamwork †¢ Improved outcomes for children and families through access to a wider range of services †¢ Benefits for staffRead MoreDiscuss the Skills and Attitudes to Working with Children, Young People and Families1924 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss the skills and attitudes required to work with children, young people and families In this essay I will be researching policies, frameworks and reports that have highlighted skills and attitudes required to work with children, young people and families. I will also look at government documents such as EPPE, Common Core Framework and Every Child Matters. From my research I will discuss my findings and go on to include some personal opinions and reflection of my experience within settingsRead MoreCyp 3.6/Cu1523 – Working Together for the Benefit of Children and Young People1250 Words   |  5 PagesCYP 3.6/CU1523 – Working together for the benefit of children and young people 1.1 Explain the importance of multi agency working and integrated working ------------------------------------------------- As an early years setting I have a responsibility to help the children in my care achieve the 5 outcomes of the UK Governments Every Child Matters (ECM) – Be Healthy, Stay Safe, Enjoy amp; Achieve, Make a positive contribution and Achieve economic well-being. Whilst we as practitioners doRead MoreUnderstand Partnership Working in Services for Children and Young People L 21736 Words   |  7 PagesWorking in partnership with others is very important for children and young people; it will help them to have consistent routines, which is very essential it provides them with a sense of security and structure to their day. All adults who work with children and young people have a duty to get on very well with each other to demonstrate a positive attitude at work setting and to develop good professional relationships and also be a good role model to the children and young people they are caringRead MoreExplain Why Working Partnership With Others Is Important For Children And Young People?2098 Words   |  9 Pages1.1: Explain why working in partnership with others is important for children and young people? When we work with children or young people we should work together, it can be very positive for the children and young people concerned. The adult could be: †¢ Parents †¢ Carers †¢ Professionals †¢ Colleagues †¢ Multi-disciplinary teams We need to do this with children and young people: †¢ Communicate all the time †¢ Share their knowledge and expertise †¢ Exchange information †¢ Understand each other’sRead MoreFactors That Influence Professional Practice When Working With Children And Young People2100 Words   |  9 PagesWith the reference to at least two theories of learning, discuss how differing theoretical perspectives, and our interpretation of these, might influence professional practice when working with children and young people. There are many different ways in which children can learn, for instance, behaviourism, cognitive learning theory, humanism, emotional literacy, brain-based learning. These theories have an impact on children’s holistic development and professionals have to ensure they meet children’s

Role of HR in Creating Sustainable Organization

Question: Discuss about theRole of HR in Creating Sustainable Organization. Answer: Introduction The sustainable organization is that organization who implements the sustainability strategies within their business process for achieving cultural and economic benefits through various environmental responsibilities (Snell et al., 2015). Some of the time, the meaning of organizational sustainability is misunderstood by the term financial suitability. However, financial sustainability is one of the features of organizational sustainability. However, to achieve a great success within the business, there always need sustainability in each and every decision which is making by the organization. Sustainability is actually the capacity by the help of which the organization is able to grow and carry on the business through changing environment. Main Context Current Situation of HRM Theories Nowadays managing is a very vital activity of human within an organization. By the help of an effective HRM system, the CEO of the hospital is able to manage, motivate and develop the entire organizational culture and the business process of the organization (Longoni et al., 2014). There are different types of HRM theories by the help of which the CEO and the HR managers of the Hospital are able to identify the requirements of the human resource within the organization. These theories also help them to detect the effective and efficient employees of their organizations. Goodwill or organizational reputation is the most important competitive advantage for any organization. Therefore, the CEO and the HR managers should maintain a good reputation about their organization within the market (Kramar, 2014). To maintain a strategic HRM within the organization, the CEO, and the HR managers have to perform certain responsibilities such as they should improve their training process to run the business successfully in future. Employment relations are actually is actually a discipline of the human resource management process by the help of which the organization is able to strengthen the relationships between the employer and their employees (Ulrich et al., 2012). The employee relations are consisting of several ideas, policies, and practices. Figure: Management Practices and Process Associated with Employee Relations The most important part of the employee relation is to recognize and identify the contribution and activities of the employee. The employee relation is actually the effort of the company to maintain the relationship between the employees and the employers (Jamali et al., 2015). If the organization has a good employee relation then that particular organization is able to provide fair and reliable treatment to their every employee, so that the employees will perform their job effectively and efficiently and should always remain loyal to the company. The modern organizations such as the hospitals need to manage the development and performance of the employees within that particular organization. By the help of the performance management, the organization is able to set the standard of their performance, able to monitor the progress of their performance and also able to build a better succession plan for their organization (Harris Tregidga, 2012). By the help of this performance management, the employees and the managers are able to get a formal and structured feedback about the business performance which takes place within the organization. This performance management process also motivates the employees of that particular organization and provides direction to the organization to develop their organizational performance (Florea et al., 2013). The tasks and the goals of the managers and the employees of that particular organization should be associated along with the business strategy of that organization. The HR has played a mo st important role in the development of the painless and consistent system of performance management within the organization. It is actually an ongoing process through which the communication between the employer and their employees takes place. Human resource is the most important resource for any organization to run their business successfully. For this reason, to motivate the employees and to give proper direction to them the organization need to communicate with them continuously. Communication is the most important factor for the professional development of an organization. To maintain the sustainable position of the organization the top level managers of that particular organization should communicate along with the external environment. Any type of miscommunication can hamper the entire business process and also affect the profitability of that particular organization. Recommendation to CEO in the First Hospital to Improve the HRM Operation HR management has a vital role in each organization, which helps in enhancing the effectiveness of the concerned firm (Ehnert et al., 2013). Various kinds of responsibilities are performed by the HRM department of the Organization, such as- planning and organizing recruitment and training process, judgment of the performance of the employees, maintaining the working atmosphere of the company, managing several critical issues which arose in between the employees, developing good relationship with community and so on. Looking after the safety of the employees in the workplace concerned is also one of the vital responsibilities of the HR manager and the CEO needs to implement these facilities. There are various critical types of problems which often arose in this particular Hospital (Bratton Gold, 2012). Therefore, the CEO needs to develop and implement effective strategies in order to solve these issues. From various international researchers, it has been observed that the patients ar e not getting satisfaction by the medical services of this hospital, and these are been avoiding by some way. The reason may be of avoidance of the other working members of the association (Czinkota et al., 2014). So, the CEO along with the HR Department should be aware of a very typical problem which arises in this unit. The individual should take serious step regarding this, and solve the problem. Moreover, the CEO should form a team of four to five members for monitoring the activities of the employees and o ensure that the business processes is running efficiently without any issues. The person should organize a plan of discussion, where each and every employee of the hospital are allowed to share if the problems arising between them in this organization (Dubois Dubois, 2012). The HRM then can be able to think, judge and take the right decision to solve these. It is recommended that the CEO should motivate the employees for taking active participation in the decision-making pro cesses of the firm. At first, the issues need to be rectified and then with the help of effective strategies these issues needs to be resolved, so as to develop the brand reputation of the hospital throughout Australia (Ehnert Harry, 2012). The HRM should recruit the appropriate quality of candidates for the company, plan and organize many training and development processes within the employees, to stop the weakness among them. Inspiring and motivating employees is also a role of the HRM which is to be generated by the HR manager of this organization. Planning of giving a good amount of salaries, facilities to employees will improve the work process of this hospital. Side by side, the HRM teams also have to look after the safety part of the organization (Ehnert et al., 2014). The CEO of the hospital is to be recommended to recruit the effective HR who can be able to recruit talented employees for the organization and can build a good communication with the entire business team. Awa reness to stop absenteeism are been recommended to the CEO in order to discontinue of industrial disputation. The CEO is recommended to recruit such an HR manager, who will reduce the increase of staff grievances, and employ more employees for the hospital. As a result, the more workers it will be, the more customers satisfactory will be obtained. All the patients throughout Australia will be getting good medical service satisfaction from this hospital, and the reputation will be superb throughout the nation. Key Features of Building Sustainable HR Capability Several key features are been discussed in order to build a sustainable capability of HRM of this hospital. Strategic condition: The Human resource team of the hospital should have to keep a concept of thinking and acting from outside/in, hence the performance will be high. The manager of the HR team needs to be highly knowledgeable of several external trends and must be able to translate those trends into decisions and actions in the internal process(Ardichvili, 2013). The person should be aware of the several general categories of business factors such as, political factors, economic factors, environmental factors, and technological factors for which the industry and its environment is getting affected. The HR must attain the ability to identify the needs and requirements of the customers of this medical unit. Credible activist: The HR manager needs to be a credible activist in order to build the ability to take the appropriate decision for the business. The credit and reputation of this hospital will come when the Human resource team will keep the promise, make trust relationships among the other people in the organization (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). The clear communication with the other employees will create a positive personal relationship with the organization. Being an activist, the HR of this medical association must borrow the vision about the business demands of the company, besides HR activities. The person must be aware of influencing other people in a positive and clear manner. Building capability: The HR management of the hospital needs to have the capability of identifying and determining some of the important factors of the organization such as customer servicing, working speed, quality, efficiency, modernization, and collaboration (Benn et al., 2014). Volunteer capability: The person must borrow the character of a volunteer to facilitate changes in the business process. The individual must have the interest of planning and organize innovative ideas to implement in the organization. Recruiting the deserving talent candidates for the company is another role of the HR, for which the business easier because the work process is fully dependent on the ability of the employees. Innovator and integrator of Human Resource: The HRM of this hospital should bear modern and integrated planning procedures which will help the business to attain a good impact on it. The idea of talent sourcing and developing talents will bring appraisal, rewards for the organization and there will be teamwork within the employees. In touch with technology: The HR management of this organization needs to be in touch with the technology so as to maintain a good communication process in between the clients and the other team members of the hospital. The technology will help the organization to improve the communication process, planning and organizing various administrative works in more efficient manner. Emerging new trends of technology through social media is enhancing the public awareness of this hospital, and thus making a huge amount of profits. Being a technology exponent, the HR managing team has to access the efficiency and the effectiveness of the information and the organizational relationships. Recommendation Various business suggestions have been recommended to the CEO of this hospital to enhance the business process throughout Australia. The hospital is very reputed, but few of the employees have to improve their performance. By analyzing this matter, CEO has planned of making the HR team of this hospital be more efficiency in regulating the business process. CEO of this hospital are been recommended to recruit such HR management team who will bear the ability to plan and organize the appropriate kind of business development. The HR team should be talent enough to recruit the right candidates for the organization. Conclusion In this research paper, everybody is able to get a clear idea about the role of HR in creating a sustainable organization. To make an organization sustainable the most important factors is communication. By the help of the communication process, the CEO and HR managers of that Australian hospital are able to motivate and manage their employees to run the business successfully. By the help of good communication, the organization is able to maintain a sustainable position within the environment. Therefore, it can be said that the HR plays a most important role to make an organization into a sustainable organization. According to the case study, THE CEO and the HR managers of that hospital also plays a vital role to make that hospital as a sustainable organization. Reference Ardichvili, A. (2013). The role of HRD in CSR, sustainability, and ethics a relational model.Human Resource Development Review,12(4), 456-473. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bratton, J., Gold, J. (2012).Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan. Czinkota, M., Kaufmann, H. R., Basile, G. (2014). The relationship between legitimacy, reputation, sustainability and branding for companies and their supply chains.Industrial Marketing Management,43(1), 91-101. Dubois, C. L., Dubois, D. A. (2012). Strategic HRM as social design for environmental sustainability in organization.Human Resource Management,51(6), 799-826. Ehnert, I., Harry, W. (2012). Recent developments and future prospects on sustainable human resource management: introduction to the special issue.Management revue, 221-238. Ehnert, I., Harry, W., Zink, K. J. (2014). Sustainability and HRM. InSustainability and Human Resource Management(pp. 3-32). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Ehnert, I., Harry, W., Zink, K. J. (Eds.). (2013).Sustainability and human resource management: Developing sustainable business organizations. Springer Science Business Media. Florea, L., Cheung, Y. H., Herndon, N. C. (2013). For all good reasons: Role of values in organizational sustainability.Journal of Business Ethics,114(3), 393-408. Harris, C., Tregidga, H. (2012). HR managers and environmental sustainability: strategic leaders or passive observers?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,23(2), 236-254. Jamali, D. R., El Dirani, A. M., Harwood, I. A. (2015). Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR?HRM co?creation model.Business Ethics: A European Review,24(2), 125-143. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Longoni, A., Golini, R., Cagliano, R. (2014). The role of New Forms of Work Organization in developing sustainability strategies in operations.International journal of production economics,147, 147-160. Snell, S. A., Morris, S. S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Ulrich, D., Brockbank, W., Younger, J., Ulrich, M. (2012).Global HR competencies: Mastering competitive value from the outside-in. McGraw Hill Professional.

Provision Essays - Anti-European Sentiment, Demography,

provision The Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, also known as the Hart-Celler Act, abolished an earlier quota system based on national origin and established a new immigration policy based on reuniting immigrant families and attracting skilled labor to the United States. Over the next four decades, the policies put into effect in 1965 would greatly change the demographic makeup of the American population, as immigrants entering the United States under the new legislation came increasingly from countries in Asia, Africa and Latin America, as opposed to Europe. By the early 1960s, calls to reform U.S. immigration policy had mounted, thanks in no small part to the growing strength of the civil rights movement. At the time, immigration was based on the national-origins quota system in place since the 1920s, under which each nationality was assigned a quota based on its representation in past U.S. census figures. The civil rights movement's focus on equal treatment regardless of race or nationality led many to view the quota system as backward and discriminatory. In particular, Greeks, Poles, Portuguese and Italians-of whom increasing numbers were seeking to enter the U.S.-claimed that the quota system discriminated against them in favor of Northern Europeans. President John F. Kennedy even took up the immigration reform cause, giving a speech in June 1963 calling the quota system "intolerable." IMPACT In reality (and with the benefit of hindsight), the bill signed in 1965 marked a dramatic break with past immigration policy, and would have an immediate and lasting impact. In place of the national-origins quota system, the act provided for preferences to be made according to categories, such as relatives of U.S. citizens or permanent residents, those with skills deemed useful to the United States or refugees of violence or unrest. Though it abolished quotas per se, the system did place caps on per-country and total immigration, as well as caps on each category. As in the past, family reunification was a major goal, and the new immigration policy would increasingly allow entire families to uproot themselves from other countries and reestablish their lives in the U.S. In the first five years after the bill's passage, immigration to the U.S. from Asian countries-especially those fleeing war-torn Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia)-would more than quadruple. (Under past immigration policies, Asian immigrants had been effectively barred from entry.) Other Cold War-era conflicts during the 1960s and 1970s saw millions of people fleeing poverty or the hardships of communist regimes in Cuba, Eastern Europe and elsewhere to seek their fortune on American shores. All told, in the three decades following passage of the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965, more than 18 million legal immigrants entered the United States, more than three times the number admitted over the preceding 30 years. By the end of the 20th century, the policies put into effect by the Immigration Act of 1965 had greatly changed the face of the American population. Whereas in the 1950s, more than half of all immigrants were Europeans and just 6 percent were Asians, by the 1990s only 16 percent were Europeans and 31 percent were of Asian descent, while the percentages of Latino and African immigrants had also jumped significantly. Between 1965 and 2000, the highest number of immigrants (4.3 million) to the U.S. came from Mexico , in addition to some 1.4 million from the Philippines. Korea, the Dominican Republic, India, Cuba and Vietnam were also leading sources of immigrants, each sending between 700,000 and 800,000 over this period. https://www.history.com/topics/us-immigration-since-1965

Suicide and Musical Influence essays

Suicide and Musical Influence essays In his article, "I'd sell you suicide': pop music and moral panic in the age of Marilyn Manson," Robert Wright looks to the problems with suicide from past and current hard rock music. There are many concerns that have come up with the current wave of popular music. Suicide and depression are some of the major themes in in most song lyrics throughout hard rock and heavy metal music. Suicide became an issue in the 1960's when serious problems, such as war, race relations, feminism and ecology were present (Wright 367). Neoconservatives felt that the lyrics in the music being played was prompting "sexism, profanity, satanic influences and drug glorification" (Wright 370). Ozzy Osbourne was the first heavy metal artist to be charged in court for the lyrical content of his music. The charges were dropped based on the first amendment which protect his right to freedom of speech in his song lyrics. Other cases had been linked to suicide with subliminal messages that teenagers heard in t he musics lyrics as well. Those who filed the suits stated that subliminal messages are what led their children to commit suicide. The 1980s had the highest number of teenage suicides ever recorded, and today, suicide continues to be one of the leading causes of teenage deaths. None of the suicidal cases have ever been linked with rock musics lyrical content. Using the art of rhetoric, Wright believes that the relationship of popular culture and public morality shows that rock music is not the cause of teen suicide, rather society in general is the root foundation of this problem. Wright, born in the late 1960s spent his early childhood in the middle of the beginning of the socioeconomic malaise. Popular culture began to arise, and produced heightened individualism, nonconformity and escapism, rather than the reverse (Wright 366). This time period did not articulate publicly the issues of poverty, drug abuse, and inne...

Photosynthesis Study Guide - Key Concepts

Photosynthesis Study Guide - Key Concepts Learn about photosynthesis step-by-step with this quick study guide. Start with the basics: Quick Review of the Key Concepts of Photosynthesis In plants, photosynthesis is used to convert light energy from sunlight into chemical energy (glucose). Carbon dioxide, water, and light are used to make glucose and oxygen.Photosynthesis is not a single chemical reaction, but rather a set of chemical reactions. The overall reaction is:6CO2 6H2O light → C6H12O6 6O2The reactions of photosynthesis can be categorized as light-dependent reactions and dark reactions.Chlorophyll is a key molecule for photosynthesis, though other cartenoid pigments also participate. There are four (4) types of chlorophyll: a, b, c, and d. Although we normally think of plants as having chlorophyll and performing photosynthesis, many microorganisms use this molecule, including some prokaryotic cells. In plants, chlorophyll is found in a special structure, which is called a chloroplast.The reactions for photosynthesis take place in different areas of the chloroplast. The chloroplast has three membranes (inner, outer, thylakoid) and is divided into th ree compartments (stroma, thylakoid space, inter-membrane space). Dark reactions occur in the stroma. Light reactions occur the thylakoid membranes. There is more than one form of photosynthesis. In addition, other organisms convert energy into food using non-photosynthetic reactions (e.g. lithotroph and methanogen bacteria)Products of Photosynthesis Steps of Photosynthesis Here is a summary of the steps  used by plants and other organisms to use solar energy to make chemical energy: In plants, photosynthesis usually occurs in the leaves. This is where plants can get the raw materials for photosynthesis all in one convenient location. Carbon dioxide and oxygen enter/exit the leaves through pores called stomata. Water is delivered to the leaves from the roots through a vascular system. The chlorophyll  in the chloroplasts inside leaf cells  absorbs sunlight.The process of photosynthesis  is divided into two main parts: light dependent reactions and light independent or dark reactions. The light dependent reaction happens when  solar energy  is captured to make a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The dark reaction happens when the ATP is used to make glucose (the Calvin Cycle).Chlorophyll and other carotenoids form what are called antenna complexes. Antenna complexes transfer light energy to one of two types of photochemical reaction centers: P700, which is part of Photosystem I, or P680, which is part of Photosystem II. The photochemical reac tion centers are located on the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. Excited electrons are transferred to electron acceptors, leaving the reaction center in an oxidized state. The light-independent reactions produce carbohydrates by using ATP and NADPH that was formed from the light-dependent reactions. Photosynthesis Light Reactions Not all wavelengths of light are absorbed during photosynthesis. Green, the color of most plants, is actually the color that is reflected. The light that is absorbed splits water into hydrogen and oxygen: H2O light energy →  ½ O2   2H   2 electrons Excited electrons from Photosystem I can use an electron transport chain to reduce oxidized P700. This sets up a proton gradient, which can generate ATP. The end result of this looping electron flow, called cyclic phosphorylation, is the generation of ATP and P700.Excited electrons from Photosystem I could flow down a different electron transport chain to produce NADPH, which is used to synthesize carbohydratyes. This is a noncyclic pathway in which P700  is reduced by an exicted electron from Photosystem II.An excited electron from Photosystem II flows down an electron transport chain from excited P680  to the oxidized form of P700, creating a proton gradient between the stroma and thylakoids that generates ATP. The net result of this reaction is called noncyclic photophosphorylation.Water contributes the electron that is needed to regenerate the reduced P680. The reduction of each molecule of NADP  to NADPH uses  two electrons  and requires  four photons.  Two molecul es  of ATP are formed. Photosynthesis Dark Reactions Dark reactions dont require light, but they arent inhibited by it, either. For most plants, the dark reactions take place during daytime. The dark reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplast. This reaction is called carbon fixation or the  Calvin cycle. In this reaction, carbon dioxide is converted to sugar using ATP and NADPH. Carbon dioxide is combined with a 5-carbon sugar to form a 6-carbon sugar. The 6-carbon sugar is broken into two  sugar molecules, glucose and fructose, which can be used to make sucrose. The reaction requires 72 photons of light. The efficiency of photosynthesis is limited by environmental factors, including light, water, and carbon dioxide. In hot or dry weather, plants may close their stomata to conserve water. When the stomata are closed, the plants may start photorespiration. Plants called C4  plants maintain high levels of carbon dioxide inside cells that make glucose, to help avoid photorespiration. C4  plants produce carbohydrates more efficiently than normal C3  plants, provided the carbon dioxide is limiting and sufficient light is available to support the reaction. In moderate temperatures, too much of an energy burden is placed on the plants to make the C4  strategy worthwhile (named 3 and 4 because of the number of carbons in the intermediate reaction). C4  plants thrive in hot, dry climates.Study Questions Here are some questions you can ask yourself, to help you determine if you really understand the basics of how photosynthesis works. Define photosynthesis.What materials are required for photosynthesis? What is produced?Write the  overall reaction  for photosynthesis.Describe what happens during the cyclic phosphorylation of photosystem I. How does the transfer of electrons lead to the synthesis of ATP?Describe the reactions of carbon fixation or the  Calvin cycle. What enzyme catalyzes the reaction? What are the products of the reaction? Do you feel ready to test yourself? Take the  photosynthesis quiz!

History of Korean Arts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of Korean Arts - Essay Example The methodology followed to have the rhetorical analysis done was to critically examine the text and the layout of the pages and to arrive at a conclusion by comparing them with the standardized theories and principles. It is quite evident from the layout and the site tree that the information is intended to be extended to a wide range of audience. It is interesting to note that there the website has made available eleven multilingual versions excluding the one in English. This clearly indicates that the objective is to expose Korean culture through its art forms and handicrafts to the people across the globe. The knowledge that the website offers can be useful to researchers, historians and also to students. The approach of the website to cater for people ranging from common man to specific researchers. In each and every detail of the WebPages the integrated purpose of the web resource is evidently visible. Be that the text or even the smallest of graphical elements, all has worked together towards the purpose of ideally reflecting Korean culture. The home page promises the reader to be taken through a breathtaking journey into the history of Korean culture. In the simplest language, the purpose of the website is to highlight Korean culture through the traditional and historical aspects pertaining to its arts and handicrafts. The arrangement and the layout also contains within it specific Korean cultural reflections. However, the arrangement of the homepage appears to be a bit complex and improper.

Research Proposal Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Paper - Research Proposal Example The understudies will be asked to finish an overview (Drummond,2014). The finished study will create the greater part of the essential parts to position every understudy in the right area of the 3 X 3 factorial outlines. The study will contain an assortment of inquiries identified with the theory of this study to focus the examples. They are between the utilization designs/ recurrence of the utilization of video games with the kind of video diversion to the understudies achievement and psychological state. The overview will likewise educate with respect to the additional curricular exercises of the understudies since this kind of out of school association might likewise relate to higher or lower government sanctioned test scores. This study is critical due to how essential state-administered testing has ended up, and the amount time and cash get put into enhancing the scores of understudies here. Technology is an apparatus that educators can use to help adapting, yet brain research tutoring must be first. In the event that instructors and therapists do not see how to help learning, engineering utilization will be ineffectual and wasteful. The key determinant of our prosperity and enthusiastic dependability will not be the quantity of machines obtained or links introduced. Instead, it is how people characterize instructive dreams, plan and help staff, outline educational program, location issues of value, and react to the quickly evolving world. Innovation gets utilized as a part of different courses than for instructive profits. Engineering got additionally created for amusement and relaxation. Video games are a type of engineering incorporating visual, sound-related, and kinesthetic/material reenactment structures. Not all, yet numerous understudies are excited in the use of video games in the timetable of relaxation time and unwinding. Video games have advanced a long ways past the

Criminal Profiling Essay Example for Free

Criminal Profiling Essay Criminal profiling involves analyzing the scene of a crime and then use the information gathered from the analysis to determine correctly the identity of a perpetrator. This method of identifying perpetrators is very useful though it does not assist an investigator in getting the name of the perpetrator it helps narrow down and thus makes it easier to identify a criminal. (Dennis, 2006) Some of the pertinent issues that criminal profiling helps in bringing out include but not limited to the sex of the perpetrator, the background of a person in terms of ethnic community, age and personality. This profile is then used to single out a criminal among several people who appear to match with some of the features identified in the profile. One may wonder just how does criminal profiling work? Normally experts examine the manner in which a particular crime is committed. This is commonly referred to as the method of operations. Usually the experts will take the identity of the victims and then examine what the suspected criminals have in common especially in terms of the likely weapon that was used to commit the particular crime in question. The other issue that the experts look at is the brutality or hostility that was used during the commission of the crime in question by the perpetrator. Existence of torture or any form of hostility is yet another trait that experts look for when using the criminal profiling method. One student in an American University during a lecture asked her professor why he believed that the criminal profiling method actually works in identifying a perpetrator in a criminal act. The professor gave a precise answer and stated that thorough research has been carried out over the years and there have been conducted some interviews even with convicts who have helped prove the workability of this method. There are two main ways that are used to come up a criminal profile. One of the methods is one that is commonly used by the Federal Bureau of Investigation known as criminal scene analysis. This method involves a number of steps which include profiling inputs. This basically involves gathering evidence in terms of anything that was found in the scene of the crime. The second step usually is to put the evidence together and try to see if there is any common aspect in the crimes committed by the suspects. Crime assessment and investigation follows and it is after that some apprehensions can be made based on the investigations. The second method is the behavioral evidence analysis. This method was developed by Brent Turvey who argued that when a crime is being investigated there are a lot of discrepancies that rise from all the gatherings that are made by the investigative team. The first step is forensic analysis which involves analyzing physical evidenced gathered which may involve taking photographs and videos of the crime scene and having interviews with some of the victims of the crime who may be alive. Victimology is the nest step and involves creating a profile for a victim which in turn helps identify the criminal responsible. The third step is examining keenly the features and characteristics of the scene of crime as this is said to give a leading clue on who the suspect could be. The last step is combining the first three steps discussed and it is this combination that helps the investigators come up with a criminal profile. According to Turvey a crime ought to be analyzed in four main steps to ensure that the information gathered by the investigative team does not bear any discrepancies. Criminal profiling has in several instances been criticized as a source that lacks credibility on the basis that it is based on speculations. However experts state that according to research that has been conducted for several years now, criminal profiling has a considerably high level of credibility. Profiling involves a number of phases. The initial phase in every criminal profiling is known as antecedent which involves attempting to figure out the plan or the fantasy that the perpetrator of a crime had prior to the commitment of the crime. Basically this phase of criminal profiling involves an attempt to unearth the motive behind the commission of a crime by the perpetrator. The second phase is known as method and manner and involves examining the target group that the perpetrator was aiming at in the crime committed and more so the manner in which or better still the method used to commit the crime in question. Brent, 2002) The third phase in criminal profiling is known as body disposal and is common in murder cases. This is where experts attempt to examine where the scene of crime is the same with the place where the body was dumped or whether the crime was committed at a particular place and then the body dumped in yet another place thus introducing the concept of multiple. (Davis, 2007) Post offense behavior is the final or the last phase in criminal profiling and it is quite tricky. Post offense behavior involves investigating behavior of criminals especially after commission of crimes. Normally some criminals try to hide their identity by pretending to be part of the investigating team. Experts must therefore use their expert knowledge to single out criminals who pretend to be assisting in the investigation process yet they are the suspects. Having examined in great depths what criminal profiling is all about, it may be of paramount importance to address the issue of whether criminal profiling has managed to shape up chance. Basically by making this analysis we are able to know whether criminal; profiling does any play any vital role in helping to identify criminals in a given crime in question. In simpler terms using criminal profiling as a method of identifying criminals what are the chances of identifying the suspect responsible in the criminal act at hand. In the beginning of the twentieth century, criminal law took a new twist with criminal profiling slowly shaping chance. Majorly what changed during the twentieth century was the inference in terms of probability. During this century actuarial methods changed. One thing to note that it is not the risk analysis and actuarial thinking that actually changed but the inferences in terms of probability. The actuarial methods got more refined so that using the criminal profiling method one can be sure that the identity of a particular perpetrator is correct. In conclusion therefore it is correct to state that over the year and more so after the twentieth century, criminal profiling is slowly gaining acceptance as reliable method of correctly identifying perpetrators of crimes. This is because it has been studied and proved that it shapes chance so that the probability of a person to be the suspect of a crime in question having been pointed out by the criminal profiling method is very high.

Training Environment :: essays research papers

Using your Training Environment Tips for survival Your training environment is the most essential and important element of your presentation. It is the difference between a good presentation and one that will keep the participants asking for more. The five most important features of your training environment will be: 1. White Board 2. Flipchart 3. Projector 4. Space 5. Body Language A good presenter uses his training environment in the most effective and coordinative way possible. Here are a few tips that will help you use your training environment in a more effective manner, while giving presentations. White Board The white board is your medium of writing and projecting the presentation. In the modern world, white boards have revolutionarized and have added features in built such as a play, pause and stop button for you presentations and images. They can be connected to your projector to run your presentation more effectively and easily. But as much as technology may change, the basics of the white board will stay the same, and they are: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leave margins on the corners of the board. Do not fill up the board too much especially around the corners. Keep a spacing of 5 inches from the left/right and top/bottom corners of the board. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Always use a non-permanent marker on the white board. This ensures easy reusability of the board at various levels. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The color of the markers should be bright and solid. Do not use faint markers as they are not clearly visible. The purpose is easy visibility, not the formality of writing. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The letters should be at least  ½ â€Å" high and should be in capital letters. Caps case is easier to read. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use a variety of color markers for highlighting and adding variety to what is written on the board. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When using the white board as the projection screen make sure is cleaned and has no patches of ink. If you have written over the projection on the board then ensure that you wipe it before proceeding to the next slide. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Do not stand in front of the board if there is something written on it. Flip Chart The flip chart is your medium of that extra unit of writing and displaying your points. It is often termed as the trainers â€Å"companion†. The flip chart is mostly used as a tool for writing or illustrating points that are a part of the presentation, but may or may not be a part of the power point slides. Some key tips for using the flip chart are:

Determining The Longetivity Of E.Coli’s Gaining Resistance Ability: A Comparison Between The Bacteriophage T-4 And Antibiotic

The surfacing of a variety of drugs for resisting antibiotic for disease-inflicting bacteria has already been a big issue and at the same a vital dilemma in treating all types of human diseases. This immediately requires another option, a substitute way of providing therapy to the human diseases. It has been found in previous researches and experiments the wonders of having bacteriophages highly considered to be â€Å"healing viruses. † John MacGregor (2003) has brought up an intriguing issue regarding bacteriophages when he wrote his research article entitled â€Å"Set A Bug To Catch A Bug†.Apart from the title, his words were â€Å"As the power of antibiotic wanes, viruses that hijack bacteria and smash them into pieces could be the answer to our prayers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He explained in his article the possibilities of replacing antibiotics as the solution to a lot of virus-causing diseases including virus infections. Bacteriophages were first discovered by a British c hemist named E. H. Hankin. It was considered to be a virus in 1915 by Frederick Twort, a British bateriologisy. The occurrence of that first intrigue found by Dr.Hankin paved its way for more discoveries performed by a Canadian microbiologist named Felix d’Herelle. He agreed with Twort when he also considered it to be a virus and then later he named it as a â€Å"bacteriophage†. Upon his successful experimentations, he was confident that these bacteriophages will be very helpful and at the same time when he used them with the children who were almost dying dysentery at a hospital in Paris. The test solutions were distributed to every patient hoping that it will be effective, and fortunately, these cured the children for just one night.With D’Herelle’s primary success, the use of phage therapy was further studied. From then on, the advantages it provides were widely spread globally. These page therapies are utilized in a variety of ways. It can be taken or given topically, orally, can be injected, using enemas and aerosols. Diseases that were treated by this phage therapy included urinary tract infections, typhoid and cholera. The use of phage therapy slowly faded when AMA or the American Medical Association reported contradictory results of using phages. Antibiotic age came in when penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1982.Fleming’s discovery flourished for 20 years making the phage therapy out of sight. But still a lot of microbiologists became very attractive to what bacteriophages could provide medically, improving different aspects of health and curing more diseases. There was a time after the Communist era when phages were considered to be the â€Å"last resort† antibiotics when the decline for antibiotics took place. This was indeed an alarming situation worldwide. But this did not become hindrance in reviving the hidden attributes of bacteriophages.Bacteriophages are defined by Toronto, Funke and Ca se (2001) as viruses that host in bacteria and in bacterial cultures, they can be grown easily. This has been significant since bacteriophages are the main sources of multiplying viruses. How do bacteriophages multiply? The basic procedure in which multiplication of viruses happens is just the same as the other viruses and it is not affected by any means by which the entering and the exiting of a virus into a host cell differs. Most life cycles of a virus are difficult to understand but a bacteriophage is an exception.They are the easiest to be learned and be understood. Bacteriophages, also called â€Å"phages†, can be multiplied using two substitute processes. The first one is called the lytic cycle which leaves the host cell to a lysis or death. The second one is called the lysogenic cycle where the host cell lives. T-even bacteriophages such as T2, T4 and T6 are the phage types that are most studied. Using the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a host, with the use o f lytic cycle, multiplication of the T-even bacteriophages can be demonstrated easily from one process to another.There are 5 stages involved starting from attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation and release. During the first stage, attachment, the particles of the bactriophage and the bacteria collide. A chemical connection occurs between the attachment site from the virus and the bacterial cells’ complementary receptor site. A chemically produced interaction from the connection enables bonds that are weak to be formed from the two sites by using their fibered tail ends. During the stage of penetration, DNA is being injected by the T-even bacteriophages into the bacterium after connecting occurs.This is done when an enzyme called the phage lysozyme is released by the tail of the bacteriophage which in turn destroys the walls of the bacterial cell. In the penetration process, the phage’s sheath tail contracts and the core of the tail enters the cell wall. If the core’s tip has already reached the plasma membrane, the DNA from the head of the bacteriophage will pass through the tail core, it will eventually enter the bacterial cell. During the stage of biosynthesis, the DNA of the bacteriophage will initiate synthesis direction of the components of the virus by the host cell.Once the components of the virus are being put in place and are brought together into virions, the maturation stage occurs. When the lyses of the host cell and the new virions have already been released, it is referred to as the release stage (Toronto, Funke and Case; 2001). Bacteriophages have been found to exhibit a lot of features. They are tested to be of big use with local infections in relation to poor supply of blood like diabetic ulcers and infections of the bone. Unlike antiobiotics, these phages were keenly observed to multiply inside their host cell which enables them to penetrate more deeply to the area being infected.Another distinguishing feature of phage therapies is its ability to inflict no allergies, resulting to a fewer side effects. Phage therapies in addition are easier and are cheaper to produce than antibiotics. On the other hand, bacteriophages have their limitations concerning their fatality once they have already killed the harmful bacteria. But these issues should not lower the hopes of the society depending on the future developments of phages. In an interview (Society for Gen. Micro. , 2008), they have shared that modern scientists and researchers have already found ways of prolonging the lifespan of viruses.This new and possible idea is by combining them chemically with polymers but still this is limiting since it will likely cause poisoning of the blood and is surely a big threat to one’s life. The main objective of this project is to determine the longetivity of the bacterium Escherichia coli’s gaining resistance ability in two different viral invaders: the bacteriophage T-4 and an antibiotic . At the end of this project, results should report a comparison between these two, answering which has the longest and the most effective invading mechanism. B. METHODS AND PROCEDURES (EXPERIMENT PROTOCOL)Throughout the following procedures of this project, a strict Aseptic Technique will be used. During the whole duration of the experiment, a strict technique called the Aseptic Technique will be applied. According to a web article research, written by Hauswirth and Sherk (2007), they defined the aseptic technique as an accumulation of unique practices acquired and a set of processes undergone whose conditions are carefully controlled with an objective of minimizing pathogen contamination. In any type of clinical setting, the technique is used to maximize and stabilize pathogenic organisms’ absence.Its main goal is to simply protect a patient from infection and cease any possible spreading to other body parts. Prevention of infections are not achieved simply by sanitizing or disinfecting. In about more than 27 million surgical operations, surgical sites are the third most prone to more hospital infections prolonging, in effect, the hospital stay of the patient and at the same time, hospital bills become so expensive. The estimate was according to CDC or Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Hauswirth and Sherk, 2007).The main objective of performing this experiment is to identify the required length of time for a common bacterium called Escherichia coli (E. coli) to achieve its maximum log phase growth. When these cells have already arrived in its expression of maximum amount of bacteriophage receptors, it will eventually lead to an immediate vulnerability to infection. The bacterium E. coli must always be utilized at this stage of growth all through out the procedures to be able to achieve desirable results upon comparing of two different experiments.In beginning the procedures of the experiment, first, an overnight growth of culture will be prep ared to be able to supply the growth curve with inoculum. The growth of the culture will be done in a shaking incubator with a temperature of 37 degrees Centigrade. The culture preparation will also be dependent on what culture is available, its slope, its colony or plate, and inoculate broth of the culture. Second, a 1 ml of culture that will be prepared overnight and a 99 ml of inoculate nutrient broth (NB) will be taken and will be placed in a flask that is sterilized and flat-bottomed type.Through a process called resuspension, a sterilized tube containing a sample of 5 ml will be gently swirled, will be collected and will be marked Time Zero. The sterilized flat-bottomed flask will be placed inside the shaking incubator. Third, samples containing 5 ml each will be collected at a per hour interval. This will be done for 8 consecutive 8 hours and will be marked Time 1, Time 2, Time 3, Time 4 . . . Time 8. All samples will be stored at +4 degrees Centigrade. Fourth, the remains of the culture that has been prepared overnight will be left for one more night.At exactly 9 am the next day, a last sample of the culture remains will be collected. Fifth, from a sample of 400 nm and another sample of 450 nm, the OD of each sample will be measured. The LB or NB will be used but will be left blank if necessary. If in case, the OD will exceed 1. 0, both sample 1 and sample 2 that were used in LB and NB will be diluted and will be read for the second time. Sixth, the strict aseptic technique will be used in preparing for colony counts in each sample. The amount of workable cells (per ml) will be identified.Seventh, plotting will be done. A growth curve will be plotted and both the cell number and time will be involved in doing this. Eighth, another growth curve will be plotted. This time cell number and OD will be involved in the plotting. Ninth, the required time to reach the midway of the log phase growth will be identified. In doing this, cells within the time length , identified prior to the succeeding experiment, will be grown. Tenth and last step of these experiment procedures, the connection between the cells and the OD will be analyzed.All results acquired all through out the process of this experiment will be recorded and will be evaluated accordingly. References: Hauswirth, K. & Sherk, S. D. (2007) Aseptic Technique [Internet]. Available from < http://www. surgeryencyclopedia. com/A-Ce/Aseptic-Technique. html> [Accessed 8 May 2008] Tortora, Funke & Case (2001) Microbiology: An Introduction. 7th ed. Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc. Craigie, J. (2002) The Significance and Applications of Bacteriophage in Bacteriological and Virus Research [Internet]. Available from [Accessed 8 May 2008]

How Wilfred Owen and John Scott present ideas about slaughter and sacrifice Essay

Write a comparison of the ways Wilfred Owen and John Scott present ideas about slaughter and sacrifice, how far do you agree with the view that Scott’s poem is more effective than Owens in communicating its message? The Send Off and The Drum both explore the truths about war outlining the horrors and effects of war through language and poetic techniques. Owen attacks the understanding between those at home who promote war as a romantic, glorious and heroic exercise and dying for one’s country as an act of nobility and with this who fight and die in war and who know the true horror of the battlefield. Scott explores the desperations caused by battle. He also makes clear that he does not consider war as a fight of honour; more as a gruesome game to see who can be more stubborn to admit what they are doing is wrong. Both poets show similar thoughts about war and how it is betrayed to a glorious act of heroicness. In the opening stanzas of the drum the poets mention the sounds and tones which follow the soldiers. In The drums case it is the ‘drums discordant sound’. This instrument is used for the historical march of the soldiers. Which in this case is confusing to the men. As they are ‘parading round, and round’. This gives a sense of never ending war. Each day the men follow the same routine until it is there turn to face the enemy in battle. Owen immediately challenges the positive connotation of the send off in the first line. Our first image is of â€Å"close darkening lanes†. This has two meanings; the first meaning is the lanes fatefully enclose the soldiers in their closeness, they cannot turn back, the second meaning is that â€Å"darkening† is emphasized as a metaphor of the soldier’s dark destiny to which their farewell is sending them and that is to be killed in war. John Scott talks about the pathetic reasons which people go to war. He explains how the young are almost excited by the surrender of the opposition. ‘To sell their liberty for charms’. This line suggests that people would rather sell there independence for money. Regarding how it would affect their country. The alliteration used in the phrase â€Å"grimly gay† in the send off alerts the readers the forced gaiety of the men and ambiguity of their supposed adventure isn’t everything that is thought to be at first. â€Å"Grimly Gay† also contradicts the concepts of grimness and gaiety, which captures a focus for the mixture of excitement and fear in the men and the country for which they sacrifice their lives for. Scott mentions the line ‘ambition’s voice commands’. This word ambition almost represents the lives of many of the soldiers fighting in the war. Either there ambition to return to there country or to fight for there country. It can also be in replacement for the general who commands his soldiers to war. A sense of death is built up in the next line. ‘To March, and fight, and fall, in foreign lands’. This shows the reality of war, you can fight and put your life on the line, but you may also lie dead in the hands of the enemy and fall in there territory. The send off portrays the sense of something sinister and shameful about the operation, in the uncertainty of the men’s future and in the prospect of the injured and weary return of â€Å"too few† of them. Owen talks about how complete strangers to him went to war. ‘They were not ours’ this explains how he talks about random people being in the war. The imagery for the gifts of flowers for good fortune is mixed with that of flowers for a funeral wreath. It is as though the gift of flowers is the soldiers first war wound, a prelude to a course of events that must end in death. Scott shows exactly what the true meaning to war is and how it affects the life of others. He speaks of the ‘burning towns’ ‘mangled limbs’ ‘windows tears’. These quotations explain the sense of horror and slaughter which took place in the Napoleonic wars. The way Scott expresses his views on the war are the tragic ways in which widows had to cope without there husband. Those who lost there homes and had to migrate to another area. Owen shows this kind of horror as well but not in the magnitude of Scott. ‘ As men’s dead’. The apostrophe in the word men shows the extensive number of soldiers who were killed. Wilfred Owen ends his poem almost like the ending of a war and how they leave the allies country. ‘Shall they return to beating of great bells, in wild train loads? A few, a few, too few for drums and yells’. The word ‘shall’ suggest that you do not really know if soldiers will return in a good way. He almost contradicts himself when he talks about loads of men returning then he says a few. This shows that not even he is sure about the outcome of returning soldiers. Part of the soldier’s betrayal is how they are dehumanized and treated so indifferently by the authorities that process them. Terms such as â€Å"siding-shed† and â€Å"train-loads† creates the concept of produce rather than people being transported. The structure of the poem is broken up into stanzas with lines long and short. The shorter lines are a lot more sinister in tone which talks about ominous events that are going to happen in war. The lengthier lines are more informative. This irregularity of long and short lines and stanzas gives the poem motion which shows the beat of marching men and a moving train. The structure of the drum is completely different it is set out in two stanzas which echo the beat of the drum which is parading around and around. That is why the use of repetition is applied for this line in both stanzas. I agree in a sense that Scott’s poem is more effective on its approach to get its message through to the reader. The reason for this being is that it can relate with the reader more because he is writing a personal response. Noticeable by the use of ‘I’ this means that he can communicate in a more individual way. He also gives more ideas on what soldiers and families would have had to see through the war stages. Not only does he give a personal statement but takes into consideration of how it may have affected the lives of others. He also shows the gruesomeness which occurs in battle. However Owen also has written a very informative poem. As he has the experience of being a solider he has more of an idea how the war worked. Unlike John Scott he did not oppose to violence. Maybe that is why Scott could have been biased towards the idea of war. Only pin pointing the parts to war which were bad, and not those which commemorate the honour and remembrance which you receive after fighting in the war. But Owen also feels the same way about the war and he has been there. I suppose these poems would not be similar because they are both from different stages of time. One which was written in the Napoleonic war and the other in world war one. That is why there is a difference in writing styles and issues which are discussed. The reason for John Scott’s poem being more violent maybe because they did not use weapons like guns and explosives so battles with swords maybe have been more brutal. Taking this into consideration I think both poems have different ways in which to get there message across so they are equally as effective.

The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance in German

The U.S. Pledge of Allegiance in German One of the best ways to learn German is to use something that youre already familiar with. For German students in the United States, the Pledge of Allegiance is a great lesson that can be tailored to beginners and advanced students.   The majority of American students grow up citing the Pledge of Allegiance (Der amerikanische Treueschwur). Its fixed in our memories from a very young age, so learning it in German can really help students understand and practice grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary in a single and recognizable sentence. U.S. Pledge of Allegiance(DerAmerikanischeTreueschwur) In this instance, we use der Treueschwur  for the  English word  and the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance translates to der  amerikanische  Treueschwur  or  Treueschwur der USA. Taking those famous words, I pledge allegiance... into German is a matter of finding the right vocabulary and placing it in the correct word order. The Pledge can be an excellent lesson for students of all levels. Beginners can use it to practice German pronunciation and learn some new vocabulary while reciting it with the familiar cadence. Intermediate students can use it to study word order and proper German grammar. Advanced students can make their own attempts to translate the Pledge into German own, then compare it to the examples given. Keep in mind that translation from one language to another is never perfect or word for word. As you can see in the two examples, different words can mean the same thing. For instance,  schwà ¶re  means swear and  gelobe  means vow, but theyre both used for the verb pledge. Another example is the words  jeden  (each) and  alle  (all).  They both can be used to mean everyone, which is what the Pledge implies by all. It should be noted, however, that the first translation is the more widely accepted version of the two. German translation 1: „Ich schwà ¶re Treue auf die Fahne der Vereingten Staaten von Amerika und die Republik, fà ¼r die sie steht, eine Nation unter Gott, unteilbar, mit Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit fà ¼r jeden.â€Å" German translation 2: „Ich gelobe Treue der Fahne der Vereingten Staaten von Amerika und der Republik, fà ¼r die sie steht, eine Nation unter Gott, unteilbar, mit Freiheit und Gerechtigkeit fà ¼r alle.â€Å" The Pledge of Allegiance: â€Å" I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all.† Who Wrote the U.S. Pledge of Allegiance? The Pledge of Allegiance was written by Baptist minister and socialist Francis Bellamy. It first appeared in The Youths Companion  magazine in 1892 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. The original oath used the phrase â€Å"my flag† rather than â€Å"the flag of the United States of America.† The change was made in 1923. The next alteration occurred in 1954 when Congress inserted the phrase â€Å"under God.† It is interesting to note that, according to his granddaughter, Bellamy himself would have objected to this religious amendment. Additionally, the author had  originally wanted to include the word â€Å"equality† in front of â€Å"liberty and justice.† He reluctantly left that word out because he felt it controversial. Equality did not seem right to him given the fact that women and African Americans were not considered equal by many people in 1892.

The Perils of Writing to Someone You Dont Know

The Perils of Writing to Someone You Dont Know The Perils of Writing to Someone You Dont Know The Perils of Writing to Someone You Dont Know By Maeve Maddox From a reader: I have a question.   I work for a large Canadian law firm and Ive noticed that many of the people here do not use Mr. or Ms., but rather address letters to John Smith.  Ã‚  Have I missed something?   Is this proper now? It may not be proper, but sometimes its safer. Addressing a letter in the old days was a fairly straightforward undertaking. If the name of the person was Michael Jones, youd say Dear Sir, or Dear Mr. Jones. If you were writing to a woman you could safely address her, married or unmarried, as Dear Madame. Back when the great goal of most women was to find Mr. Right, you could take a chance on starting a letter Dear Mrs. Jones even if you didnt know the recipients marital status. If she wasnt married, shed probably giggle at the error. In these more enlightened days, knowing how to begin a letter to a person you dont know is like walking through a minefield. Current letter-writing guidelines will tell you to address a man as Mr. Jones and a woman as Ms. Jones, but thats pretty simplistic, given the complications of feminism, reactions to feminism, multiculturalism, and creative child-naming. Ideally, the letter writer will check out the person being written to so as to know what form of address to use. But what if, despite your best efforts, you just dont know? How, for example, would you start a letter to Drew Barrymore, Daryl Hannah, or Michael Learned if you dont know all three are women? How are you supposed to figure out the gender of Jordan Dane, Alex Wright, Cory Black. Elliot Simpson, or Jamie Johnson if you know nothing about them but their names? In the age of the world-wide web, what about a name like Ananda Singh? A name ending in -a looks feminine to me, but in India, Ananda is a guys name. Say that you do know that the person youre writing to is a woman. Are you sure you want to address her as Ms. Jones? She may have a Ph.D. and prefer Dr. Jones. She may be a reactionary housewife and detest being called Ms. Or maybe shes single and proud of it and wants everyone to address her as Miss Jones. The people at your law firm are probably less concerned about proper usage than they are about avoiding ruffled feathers. Sometimes the best course of action is to play it safe by using the full name instead trying to juggle a courtesy title. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Business Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with Heart50 Idioms About Roads and PathsComma After Introductory Phrases

Angel response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Angel response - Essay Example in his character, in his whole nature, there was something attractive and elusive which allured women and disposed them in his favor; he knew that, and some force seemed to draw him, too, to them.† (Chekhov 1.5) Gurov also comes out as very judgmental where we see him refereeing to women as the lower race. Gurov’s relationship is founded by his past life and experience. Gurov is very important as the author uses him to develop almost every theme and depicts the main theme of a loveless marriage. Anna is no more of a main character as we spend less time with her as compared to Gurov. All we know about her is that she is 22 years old, married at a tender age and does not enjoy her marriage. Even the first time she has sex with her husband she was not satisfied. Anna just like her husband is eager to life â€Å" I have been tormented by curiosity† she said in one of the conversation (Chekhov 6) .Anna clearly contributes to the story in many ways which include where her unhappiness in life and her marriage depicts a scene of reality, where one draws a number of lessons from what she undergoes. I total agree with angel analysis of the story, the main character analysis is on point and very informing. Joe undergoes a series of related issues and he is left with no choice but to employ his detective skills; and all these he has to do in order to save lives. Jim analysis is also very informing and his contribution to the story’s plot is noted. Jim being younger and leaving his girlfriend enlightens him and when he teams up with Joe we find him being his side

The Effects of Depression and Antidepressants on Sexual Health and the Research Paper

The Effects of Depression and Antidepressants on Sexual Health and the Sexual Response Cycle - Research Paper Example Knowledge of the terminology commonly used in sexual and mental health studies is crucial for the study of the interrelationship between the two. The physiology of sexual functioning can be best described through the sexual response cycle which is divided into four phases i.e. desire, excitement, orgasm and resolution. The sexual response cycle is regulated by a multi-component system involving endocrine glands, autonomic nervous system, sex hormones and neurotransmitters which intimates the relationship between sexual health and mental health. Sexual dysfunction refers to problems experienced during any of the phases of the sexual response cycle hence preventing an individual from obtaining satisfaction from sexual activity. Statistics present on sexual dysfunction indicate that about 41% of women and 34% of men in the general population experienced various manifestations of sexual problems ranging from diminished libido, vaginal dryness, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation and anorgasmia (Outhoff, 2009). Further breakdown of the epidemiology reveals that 35% of women and 16% of men experience inhibited sexual desire; 10-20% of men experience premature ejaculation while a further 35% experience erectile dysfunction. The prevalence of orgasm problems among women is 5-15% (Baldwin et al. 2003). Among the several causes of sexual disorders, discovery of a link with psychopathology stands out with sexual dysfunction being a common symptom among depressed individuals as indicated by the fact that sexual dysfunction occurs in only 26% of normal individuals while it stands at 45% of depression cases. Widespread use of antidepressant medications also led to the realization that such drugs had an adverse effect on sexual functioning with several experimental studies confirming this (Jespersen, 2006). The strong link between depression, antidepressants and sexual dysfunction alongside the grave statistics of sexual problems are the considerations that informed t his study. Undertaking this study is important as more knowledge on the link between the two needs to be generated through experimental, meta-analytical and review approaches and the research findings communicated to medical practitioners especially with the growing importance of evidence-based practice. Such research findings have the potential of influencing the prescription and treatment decisions for depression. This study will undertake to review literature from experimental studies into the effects of depression and antidepressant medications on the sexual response cycle after which the implications of the study findings on sexual health intervention research and policy will be discussed. The approach of the literature review will be through analyzing information from experimental research into the issue with focus given to work from the turn of the millennium so as to get up-to-date findings on the subject. Each study will be analyzed in terms of research topic theory, the me thod undertaken for the research and finally the research findings and conclusions arrived at by the researchers. Review of Literature Peng et al. (2006) undertook a study to find out the relationship between physiological and psychological factors with sexual dysfu

Public Health Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Public Health Proposal - Essay Example For each age group, obesity poses different health problems related to specific age, routine, dietary habits and genetic makeup of the individuals (Reilly 2005). Here, obesity in children (age 0-12) will be focused and discussed in detail. It is reported that the epidemics of childhood obesity appeared in the UK in the late 1980s. In different parts of the world, the problem of childhood obesity is getting worse. Lobstein, Baur and Uauy (2004) asserted that ten percent of the school going children in the world are estimated to contain excessive body fat. Among these overweight children 25 percent are declared as obese with a considerable prospect of developing cardiac diseases, type II diabetes and various other health problems in early adulthood. The prevalence of childhood obesity is considered much higher in economically developed and established countries like the UK (Lobstein, Baur and Uauy 2004). The social impact of childhood obesity on children is also very dominant. A study conducted by Cornell University reported that obese children show lack of social skills than the normal weight children. The social exclusion of obese children provokes several personality issues like low self-esteem, isolation and lack of confidence. Researches also show that obese children are easily targeted for bullying by their peers. Due to several social issues faced by obese children their performance at school is also impacted. Low esteem, feeling of hopelessness and self-pity is usually accompanied by low performance at school and social exclusion that creates frustration and depression in children. Due to depression children become isolated, withdraw activities they used to like and lack interest in socialization and studies. The consequences of such symptoms could be disastrous in young and adult age on an individual’s personality. Parents and teachers should understand all these soc ial impacts and must help obese children to fight their obesity and

The Purpose Of Metro Rail

The Purpose Of Metro Rail The purpose of this report is to determine how managers at MetroRail can achieve ecologically sustainable management values and practices utilising planning and controlling methods, while running and maintaining a metropolitan rail network. 1.2 Scope This report will analyse initiatives higher level management at MetroRail can consider in order to achieve ecologically sustainable management, due to investment in new rolling stock and expansion of rail network. The report will look at strategies MetroRail can adopt to run an environmentally friendly transport service with minimal carbon footprint. 1.3 Methodology The information used in this report will use ecological sustainable management values and practices. To facilitate these value and practices, the use of tools such as management planning and organising will be used by MetroRail. 1.4 Assumption It is assumed that MetroRails environmental vision has been promoted to all employees. The policy statement is to establish MetroRails environmental commitments and provides the basis for setting our environmental objectives and targets. This policy will pursue policies that protect the global and local environment and those that are consistent with principles of ecologically sustainable development. 1.5 Limitations This report is limited by its focus on planning and controlling of ecological sustainable management values and practices to satisfy this reports requirements. In addition, only key elements within planning and control have been addressed. Organisational and leadership functions are also represented within MetroRail, however these will not be included in this report. 1.6 Background MetroRail is a state run corporation in the state of Queensland, providing passenger rail services covering suburban Brisbane and extending to south western, western, central west and northern regions of Queensland. MetroRail plans to expand its network as part of the Federal Government Nation Building Economic Stimulus Plan, with further investment in new rolling stock to cater for the growing demand for clean, reliable, passenger rail services. 1.7 Plan This report will first discuss the importance of ecologically sustainable management values and practices before discussing planning and controlling methods utilised to achieve their nominated functions. Several practical and theoretical concepts will be outlined to management on different proposals to be taken. A summary of recommendations and justification will be presented at the conclusion of this report. 2. Discussion 2.1 Importance of Ecologically Sustainable Management Values and Practices The introduction of new rolling stock and expansion of rail network raises the need for MetroRail to recognise the growing need for more ecologically sustainable management practices, Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter (2009). As a result, both state and federal Government have required MetroRail to review its environmental policies and strategies to be eligible for grant funding. Sustainability has become an important value in many corporate cultures, however implementing this concept has been very challenging (Esquer-Peralta, Velazquez and Munguia, 2008). This could be due to sustainability having various meanings according to the interest, needs, and values of different societies. 2.2 Planning Planning is an approach to establishing the long-term future of an organisation and then moving that organisation in an appropriate direction to achieve the future. (Bell, 2002). Through planning a strategy can be developed on the concerns about organisations impact on the natural environment (Robbins et al., p.175). By clearly outlining the ecological sustainable management values of the organisation it can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of the company by providing focus and direction (Hamel and Prahalad, 1994). 2.2.1 Goals Goals are specific, measurable outcomes that you want to achieve in the next week, month, year, and five years (Chang, 2005). As MetroRail is a government corporation, its goals are set by the state and federal governments. However as governments can change during election periods, MetroRail must be able to set its own goals. These goals must be measurable, an example of a rail company setting goals is CityRail in New South Wales of Australia. The 2009 Customer Charter outlines their specific goals for improving customer service over the next three years, coupled with tangible actions that will directly benefit customers over the next 12 months (CityRail, 2009). Within planning there are two major types of planning that affects a company. Strategic planning is a process of deciding in advance what kind of planning effort is to be undertaken, when it is to be done, who is going to do it, and what will be done with the results (Frank Harrison, 1999). Top level managers such as Chief Engineers, Chief Technology officer and the Department of Transport are usually involved in strategic planning for the corporation. Operation planning is the other type of planning. Manager at both middle and lower levels perform operation planning in order to define the specific tactics and action steps needed to accomplish the goals specified by top management (Morrisey, 1996). Management at MetroRail needs to set clear goals in regards as to how they will expand their current rolling stock, network, and maintaining its existing infrastructure. These goals need to be strategically planned along with operation planning to achieve realistic targets. An example of such goals is to ensure all future rolling stock does not consume more electricity than current rolling stock while featuring extra security features. One way to achieve such a goal is to ensure all new rolling stock is equipped with regenerative braking. This will ensure less wear and tear on brakes as well as less power consumption. 2.2.2 Strategy Strategic planning brings about an integrated perspective of the company, a foresight of the companys direction that is built upon experience and hard data from research (Schmetterer, 2003). Collecting these ideas as building blocks is instrumental to the development of strategic plans. Mintzberg (1994) insightfully said, The big picture is painted with little strokes. There are a number of tools to formulate an effective strategy. Research can be used to see how other companies go about tackling their ecological sustainable management practices. However research in the organisation itself is vital to understand if its current policies and missions are adhered to. Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) analysis helps identify where MetroRail is performing well in its environmental policies and where improvements need to be targeted at. Upon completion of a SWOT analysis, the three key points, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat must be carefully taken into account when setting up ecological management values and practices. A strategy on how to lower MetroRails carbon footprint must be developed with industry and community consultation. Management must set boundaries on available resources, such as human resources, budget and facilities before a strategy can be formalised. If MetroRail does not have the necessary resources to initiate environmentally friendly initiatives, it must find ways to implement the strategy with its limited resources. If it cannot allocate the resources to the initiatives, it may need to reduces its goals or form an alliance with key industry partners to get the resource it requires. A key strategy for MetroRail in ecologically sustainable management practices is to ensure the procurement of all equipment, services and resources have the environment in mind. An example would be to purchase a portion of energy to come from renewable sources. MetroRail is committed to becoming a carbon neutral company through policies the management sets. MetroRails environmental policy needs to be filtered through the company to ensure all employees continuously strive to improve its environmental performance. Many of the key strategies are developed by full time planners who would develop business strategies. Mintzberg (1994) points out, one of the key weaknesses of this approach was that the strategic planners, while being superior analysts of hard business data, were outsiders of various business functions. As such, many plans devised by these strategists were poor. In order to create the most effective strategic planning strategies, each specific business or activities is to be planned by those involved with the particular business and activities. Higher level management should only initiate policies and ideas. This paradigm shifts the decisions downwards to lower level persons who have direct knowledge and in-depth understanding of the subject matter at hand (Barney, 2002). 2.2.3 Plans Setting realistic plans is the next important activity once a strategy has been formulated. Planning is the process of establishing specific objectives, action steps, and a schedule and budget related to a predetermined program, task, or project (Kerzner, 2003). Planning helps to focus on critical areas that need attention and action. Short term plan needs must balance with long term plans. Different types of plans are needed to meet each specific department, as they require different methods to reach their goals. The strategic plans will be created by higher level management, while operational plans will be formulated by individual divisions. As MetroRail is a state government corporation, it is bounded by the governments vision. Higher level management at MetroRail will formulate the strategic plan for the whole organisation on how best to minimise environmental impacts. This is usually released as an organisation policy on the environment. An example of strategic planning, is all future rolling stocks must feature regenerative braking to minimise energy use. More specific operational strategic plans will stem from each division. These ecological sustainable management practices and values will flow into divisional employees to guide them and follow. Operational plans include, how to minimise energy with moving empty rolling stock between stations and stabling yards. These plans will be long term as they are on-going issues and are performed repeatedly. Both strategic and operational planning are important, because the success of MetroRail in its ecological sustainable management depends on creating new paths to the future as well as implementing short term operational plans (Noy, 2001). 2.3 Control The function of control process is taking a systematic approach to figuring out if what has been planned is has achieved or not (McNamara, 2008). This process occurs after the planning process. This allows managers to make decisions on whether to modify the plan as required. 2.3.1 Approaches to Control Setting standards specifies criterias by which work and results are measured and evaluated (Chang, 2005). Standards provide guidelines for measuring performance of ecological sustainable management practices. In order to make comparison on how well MetroRail is being measured on its ecological management practices, it will be benchmarked on technical, planning, perception against other corporations. Many of the high level controls put in places come from the strategic planning stage. These need to be measured to show the public and government MetroRail is committed to reducing its environmental foot print. Benchmarking, however has limitations, such as data not been available, and in such cases, estimates must be made. Managers may use techniques to study samples, ratings, data collection to measure the performance of the organisation (Dhillon, 1987). To evaluate performance is to evaluate work in progress, assess job completed and provide feedback. Example would be to control the roll out of new maintenance of pneumatic pressure gauges. This needs to be benchmarked to the old maintenance scheme to assess if the new system lowers leaks from the system, thus reducing waste on compressing air. To exercise control, manager can perform inspections, review progress and define and add variation to plans. Managers exercise control over projects when serving as project leaders (Katz, Light and Thompson, 2003). The main driving forces for the implementation of controls such as Environmental Management System and ISO 140001 in industry are to satisfy customer requirements, to ensure legal compliance, to improve risk management, to improve public image, and in a systematic way utilise the potential to save money and natural resource (Sammalisto and Arvidsson, 2005). 2.3.2 Types of Control There are three types of controls used by mangers, Robbins et al. (2009). The first is feedforward control. The essential feature of a feedback system is that performance is compared to a standard and this comparison becomes the basis for corrective action (Tadepalli, 1991). MetroRail must use feedforward control as much as possible. This comes mostly from the planning process, such as utilising the Environmental Management Plan. The second type of control is called concurrent control. Concurrent control involves monitoring and adjusting ongoing activities, Erdogan, Bauer, and Carpenter (2009). The best way to for managers to continuously monitor and adjust activities is to manage by walk about (MBWA). The final type of control is called feedback control. Feedback control provides managers with information concerning outcomes from organisational activities, Enz (2009). With feedback control, managers measure performance against targets set during planning. An example of feedback control is measuring the power consumption of the new trains to technical plans provided during the planning phase. 2.4 Conclusion Planning and controlling are essential tools in ecological sustainable management values and practices. Planning allows managers to forecast and to regulate plans for sustainable management. Planning to procuring new trains with regenerative braking and effective and efficient movement of trains between stations and stabling yards are sustainable solutions. Proper planning ensures the strategy and goals developed can be achieved. Control process is followed by the planning process. This link ensures plans are controlled to reach their set goals. Control ensures MetroRail is complying with applicable environmental legislation and regulations, and addresses government policy. In summary, planning and control process ensure MetroRail aims to achieve ecological sustainable management values and practices. 3. Recommendations Implement mandatory training on ecological sustainable management values for all employees. Provide an audit and review framework to achieve continual improvement in ecological sustainable management. Establish objectives, targets and key performance indicators to monitor environmental performance and drive improvement. Comply with applicable environmental legislation and regulations, and address government policy. Minimise use of natural resources. Adhere to the principles of ecologically sustainable development. Procurement policy to consider ecological sustainability practices and values. Word Count: 2488