Manganese Ore Beneficiation Production Line Free Essays

Manganese mineral pulverizing process Lumps of manganese metal by storehouse are equitably sent to first squashing (jaw smasher) for essential pounding by the vibrating feeder, manganese metal coarse pulverizing by belt transport to the auxiliary squashing (Impact smasher or conecrusher) for additional crushing;Manganese mineral subsequent to pounding is sent into vibrating screen for sieving by belt transport, screening out of a few distinct sizes, various determinations of manganese metal, manganese metal to meet the size prerequisites is sent to the pile of completed material by the completed item belt conveyor;manganese metal without meeting the size necessities is sent back material effect smasher or cone smasher broken again by the belt transport shaping a shut circuit and cycling more than once. http://www. shzbm. We will compose a custom paper test on Manganese Ore Beneficiation Production Line or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now com rotational furnace http://www. pe750. com aw smasher The item granularity can be joined and reviewed by the necessities of clients, manganese mineral preparing can be furnished with helper dust evacuation hardware for the security of nature. Manganese is generally rich assets of lean ore,Disseminated to countless high phosphate, high iron metal and gainful advantageous metal in manganese metal, making extraordinary challenges the beneficiation procedure. Manganese iron metal beneficiation techniques to take mineral washing and screening, attractive partition, gravity division and buoyancy, and fire for enhancement, compound handling strategy and different strategies to finish the beneficiation procedure. Manganese iron metal beneficiation techniques and types of gear 1. Washing and screening process: Ore washing process Commonly utilize these types of gear :metal washing sifter ,chamber mineral clothes washer and trough clothes washer, winding sand washing machine;Washing mine activity and screening is commonly completed simultaneously. 2. Gravity detachment process: This procedure is utilized for manganese metal arranging with basic structure, dispersed coarser, for example, thickness of oxide ore;The forms utilized usually have overwhelming media beneficiation,jigging beneficiation and shaking table beneficiation; 3. Attractive detachment process: High power attractive partition process utilize attractive separator to have attractive division activity to manganese metal powder,It has a few highlights basic activity, simple to control, solid adjustment. 4. The overwhelming attractive partition process: The substantial attractive detachment process has attractive division activity to attractive separator manganese mineral powder again,by utilizing a solid attractive separator. 5. Buoyancy :Flotation gear predominantly utilizes the chf inflatable buoyancy device;good execution, proficiency has been extraordinarily enhanced,it is truly reasonable for manganese beneficiation process. 6. Pyrometallurgical enhancement process(also known as manganese-rich slag) Pyrometallurgical advancement strategy is straightforward, stable creation, powerful partition of the mineral, iron, phosphorus, and get rich manganese, low iron, low phosphorus manganese-rich slag, this manganese-rich slag is an excellent manganese composite materials. For additional subtleties on the creation hardware of manganese mineral, manganese metal stone pounding gear, manganese metal crushing gear data, if it's not too much trouble get in touch with us and leave your contact data, our business staff or designers will connect with you at the earliest opportunity. In the event that the manganese mineral smasher or manganese metal factory created by us can not address your issues, We will alter the manganese metal creation line that fit you as indicated by your taking care of, releasing, yield, hardness and explicit material properties Please accept, Shanghai Zhongbo will bring you agreeable items and great help. http://www. pe600. com ball factory http://www. mining-ss. com turning oven http://www. machine-ss. com ball factory fabricate The most effective method to refer to Manganese Ore Beneficiation Production Line, Essay models

Asymmetrical Dialectics of Sustainable Tourism

Question: Talk about the Asymmetrical Dialectics of Sustainable Tourism. Answer: Presentation In the assignment, I expect to consider my job as the focal coordinator of Clipper Bay. As the principle coordinator, I will likely make economy monetarily. I hope to consider socio-social and characteristic computes developing the economy of the town. In the assignment, the highlight should be put on the travel industry business and the long stretch legitimacy. Meanwhile, I have to focus on the CBA or ROI examinations that support fiscal recharging of the Clipper Bay town. The undertaking bears a sensible reference to Butler's theory of the travel industry reasonability. It shows a fruitful impression of the travel industry business and its bound together parts. Scissors Bay is a little settlement that is arranged on the apex of a projection. It contains 5000 occupants generally. Being a different area, the town is obviously cut off from the urban progression. The economy of the town is relied upon marine improvement. It consolidates plenteous path of calculating and developing associations. The town depends on a slanting scene and gives a fantasy of great shorelines. Owing to the unfertile domain, the agribusiness isn't critical. The town observes the happening to different periods that participate in calculating and other related activities. Meanwhile, the town watches a festival that hails the beginning of the calculating season. Development of a Business Plan for Clipper Bay In the section, I have to depict the methodology that chooses the convincing ways to deal with revive the economy of the town. The economy of Clipper Bay is fundamentally depended on upon pisciulture or fish developing. The district is masterminded along the shore of the sea and keeps up an ocean atmosphere. It is basic to offer needs to the calculating society and the maritime life headway. As the primary coordinator of Clipper Bay, I mean to build up the economy of the town. Along these lines, it is reasonable to hit a course of action with the fundamental business heads of vacillated affiliations. With a particular ultimate objective to resuscitate the economy, it is useful to direct the specialists or huge social events. In a forceful world, one must keep the norms and headings of the endeavor investigate. It is fundamental to lead a comprehensive research on the business methodologies. With quick fiscal progress, the overall counseling industry has been seeing noteworthy redress es. The economy saw an enthusiastic crisis in 2009. Along these lines, the overall counseling industry depleted by 9.1%. As it is seen, the consultancy business keeps up grouped characteristics in a way (Mason, 2015). As a focal coordinator, I should adumbrate a strong system for accomplishment in the wake of talking with the appropriate social affairs. In the course of action, it is required to offer needs to the regional occupation. For instance, the basic reason of business is calculating at Clipper Bay. I believe it is basic to update the different region (looking) for profitable fiscal headway at Clipper Bay. The voyager extravagances, for instance, fire outside in the forested territories can jolt. The area is close to sea shore. In this way, sports like water-boating, swimming, high plunging, stream skiing and scuba hopping can be captivating for the guests. Meanwhile, I have to change over an unfilled zone to a genuine restaurant arrange. Contrasted with the sea line, the shoreline restaurant will be expected to attract the happy and satisfaction searching for guests. The entrancing sea food and fish things will be delicious for the explorers. Thusly, the vacationer business will be delive red. With the difference in the waterfront economy, the town will win another estimation in the recurring pattern (Ringer, 2013). Talking rapidly, this is the methodology for the achievement of the Clipper Bay. As a focal coordinator of the town, I will offer shape to the technique for progress. CBA or ROI Analyses In the area, I have to discuss the use of generally favored angle by passing on CBA or ROI assessments. With the help of these examinations, I can perceive an industry that support fiscal restoration. In the section, it is fundamental to fathom CBA or ROI assessments for additional outline of assurances. Cash sparing bit of leeway Analysis (CBA), is in like manner deciphered as Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA). It is a framework that separates business decisions. Prior to building another plant or thinking on an endeavor, the official leads a cash sparing preferred position assessment (Burgan and Mules, 2001). The cash sparing favorable position assessment is a methodology assessing all the basic costs and earnings of the endeavor. The outcome shows that whether the endeavor is monetarily achievable or not. Cash sparing preferred position assessment is a basic step, the degree that the undertaking is concerned. Meanwhile, ROI examination is described as Return on Investment assessment (Sm ith, 2014). The ROI assessment is an execution measure that separates the capability of a theory. It surveys the size of benefit for the expense of a theory (Perkins, 1994). In the assignment, both the Cost-Benefit examination (CBA) and Return on Investment (ROI) shape fundamental pieces of the endeavor. As the fundamental coordinator, I intend to consider my business decisions for Clipper Bay (Tribe, 2015). It is significant for me to perceive a particular industry that braces money related revival. Here, I have picked the guest business that aggregates generous advantage to the little settlement of Clipper Bay. Being close to the sea, the Clipper Bay can be a charming vacationer objective for all people over the globe. Meanwhile, the region has a prospering angling zone that can give a main impetus to the segment. The housing and settlement outline an imperative bit of the voyager business. As a focal coordinator, I have decided to address these key issues provoking the money related headway of Clipper Bay. To my evaluation, the overall economy is creating at a fast pace. With a particular ultimate objective to the master in right now, the primary coor dinator needs to think about the basic factors of fiscal progression, for instance, base of business, climatic model, imperative territory and dietary style. The result is dictated by welding all of these segments. Money saving advantage Analysis In the area, I intend to consider the Cost-Benefit assessment of the explorer business. As a focal coordinator, my longing is to perceive the specific business that support monetary improvement at Clipper Bay. I have developed a Cost-Benefit assessment for the particular the travel industry improvement program at Clipper Bay. In the above figure, I have developed a Cost-Benefit assessment for the travel industry improvement I have seen that the net bit of leeway for the endeavor is evaluated at $37,500This is a sensible fiscal estimation for the proposed the travel industry improvement program at Clipper Bay. Apparently the fiscal spending plan is absolutely useful and apt for the specific the travel industry at Clipper Bay. In the event that I contribute $50 million on the vacationer stretch out (as said), at that point I would expect a twofold compensation thus. For instance, the standard endeavor cost is $50 million (including the cost division and charges). The appearance on adventure would be at any rate $100 or $150 (good guess). It is believed that appearance on hypothesis examination (ROI) assessment is critical for any advanced improvement. The executives of Sustainable Tourism In the area, I have to look at the possible methodology of the travel industry business at Clipper Bay. To my conviction, practical the travel industry is portrayed as visiting a spot as a vacationer. Meanwhile, the voyager should fathom positive socio-social, monetary and characteristic impacts (Nash and Butler, 1990). Head hireling (1991) reinforced the possibility of ecotourism that falls under the characterization of 'down to earth the travel industry'. By implying the thought, he ensures that 'reasonable the travel industry' spreads the message of environmental balance and doesn't hazard or undermine the organic network. As a focal coordinator, I will most likely ensure reasonability for the proposed the travel industry program. It is profoundly fundamental for me to take critical estimates that safe both the area and the endeavor. Thusly, I should make it mandatory that the explorers don't hurt the environmental organic framework by hurling paper compartments, plastic sacks or any non-degradable things. Being close to the sea, the economy of Clipper Bay is depended on upon marine life and calculating. In reality, it is my obligation to give fitting standards to the explorers about the defending of nature. It is fitting that the tourists examine through the standards before passing by the spot. The explorers should not to litter the shoreline regions by spilling damaging synthetic concoctions into the sea water. This action is blocking to the marine life in the sea (Virginija, 2016). As a focal coordinator, one of my couple of commitments is to keep up sensible the travel industry at Clipper Bay. Examination of Tourism Stake-Holder Model The partner model exemplifies a couple of stages. It is basic for the coordinator to recognize potential accomplices, their inclinations and stakes. It is judicious to detach the accomplices into two social events: fundamental accomplices and assistant accomplices. With the money related progress, the possibility of partner is increasing another measurement. As demonstrated by Roberts (1992), Freeman was the essential scientist to propound the possibility of 'the travel industry partner structure'. Freeman (1984) claims that the articulation partners mean the noteworthy players than can affect or be influenced by the activity of the association. Pretty much, the organization and the accomplices of the association are comparably accountable for the legitimate improvement of the affiliation. Meanwhile, they are fit for taking colossal decisions

10 Signs You May Be a Perfectionist

10 Signs You May Be a Perfectionist Theories Personality Psychology Print Perfectionist Traits: Do These Sound Familiar? Are Too-High Expectations Wrecking Your Inner Peace? By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on February 22, 2020 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on February 22, 2020 If you’re wondering whether or not you’re a perfectionist, there’s a good chance you are one, at least to a degree. And if were being honest here, theres also a good chance you have some investment in the identity of being a perfectionist because of the positive connotations of the word perfectâ€"who doesnt want to be perfect instead of just fine? (Perfectionists, thats who!) Its important to educate yourself about just what constitutes perfectionism and why its seen as a really bad thing, so you can decide how much you want to work at shrugging off these traits, and know how to do this. Illustration by Brianna Gilmartin, Verywell The problem with perfectionismâ€"and the reason youll want to know if you possess any perfectionistic traits and what to do about itâ€"is that perfectionists actually tend to achieve less and stress more than regular high achievers. Being a perfectionist makes it more challenging to meet the goal of being perfect, or even of reaching a personal best. Perfectionists are a lot like high achievers, but with some key differences, and these differences are important, as perfectionists tend to experience more stress. The following are ten telltale traits of perfectionists, that you may be able to spot in yourself or in the people you know. Do any of these sound familiar? All-Or-Nothing Thinking Perfectionists, like high achievers, tend to set high goals and work hard toward them. However, a high achiever can be satisfied with doing a great job and achieving excellence (or something close), even if their very high goals aren’t completely met. Perfectionists will accept nothing less than, well, perfection. ‘Almost perfect’ is seen as failure. How to Overcome All-or-Nothing Thinking Critical Eye Perfectionists are far more critical of themselves and of others than are high achievers. While high achievers take pride in their accomplishments and tend to be supportive of others, perfectionists tend to spot tiny mistakes and imperfections in their work and in themselves, as well as in others and their work. They hone in on these imperfections and have trouble seeing anything else, and they’re more judgmental and hard on themselves and on others when ‘failure’ does occur. “Push” vs “Pull” High achievers tend to be pulled toward their goals by a desire to achieve them, and are happy with any steps made in the right direction. Perfectionists, on the other hand, tend to be pushed toward their goals by a fear of not reaching them  and see anything less than a perfectly met goal as a failure. Unrealistic Standards Unfortunately, a perfectionist’s goals aren’t always even reasonable. While high achievers can set their goals high, perhaps enjoying the fun of going a little further once goals are reached, perfectionists often set their initial goals out of reach. High achievers tend to be not only happier  but more successful than perfectionists in the pursuit of their goals. Focus on Results High achievers can enjoy the process of chasing a goal as much or more than the actual reaching of the goal itself. Conversely, perfectionists see the goal and nothing else. They’re so concerned about meeting the goal and avoiding the dreaded failure that they can’t enjoy the process of growing and striving. Depressed by Unmet Goals Perfectionists are much less happy and easygoing than high achievers. While high achievers are able to bounce back fairly easily from disappointment, perfectionists tend to beat themselves up much more and wallow in negative feelings when their high expectations go unmet. Fear of Failure Perfectionists are also much more afraid to fail than are high achievers. Because they place so much stock in results and become so disappointed by anything less than perfection, failure becomes a very scary prospect. And, since anything less than perfection is seen as ‘failure’, perfectionists sometimes put off things until the last minute. Healthy Ways to Cope With Failure Procrastination It seems paradoxical that perfectionists would be prone to  procrastination, as that trait can be detrimental to productivity, but perfectionism and procrastination do tend to go hand in hand. This is because, fearing failure as they do, perfectionists will sometimes worry so much about doing something imperfectly that they become immobilized and fail to do anything at all. Procrastination can then lead to greater feelings of failure, further perpetuating a vicious and paralyzing cycle. Defensiveness Because a less-than-perfect performance is so painful and scary to perfectionists, they tend to take constructive criticism defensively, while high achievers can see criticism as valuable information to help their future performance. Low Self-Esteem High achievers tend to have equally high esteem; not so with perfectionists. Perfectionists tend to be very self-critical and unhappy, and suffer from low self-esteem. They can also be lonely or isolated  as their critical nature and rigidity can push others away as well. This can lead to lower self-esteem. What You Can Do If you see some of these perfectionist traits in yourself, don’t despair. Recognizing that a change may be needed is a very important first step toward creating a more easygoing nature and achieving the inner peace and real success that comes from overcoming perfectionism and being able to say that ‘almost perfect’ is still a job very well done. Think youre a perfectionist? This quiz can tell you if you are. And if so, read this article for important  tips on overcoming perfectionist traits  and enjoying your life, your work, and your  self  more. Why Some Perfectionist Traits Can Be Healthy

Poverty Of The United States - 907 Words

Hannah-Grace Futrell Mrs. Weekman Honors English II - 1 April 29, 2016 Child Poverty in the United States In the United States, about 24 million children live in poverty (Ingraham). Poverty is a big issue and has been for a while. It can affect children now and when they become adults. There are children going to bed hungry, not knowing where their next meal is coming from, but Compassion is a Christian organization working to stop child poverty around the world. First, the United States is one of the wealthiest nations in the world, but also has one of the highest poverty rates. The national median income is about $31,000 a year for a family of four and 22 percent of children live in families whose income is below the national poverty level (Ingraham). One in three children are living in poverty today (Ingraham). Next, poverty rates are increasing rapidly. Since 2008, the United States poverty rate has increased, but during the same time, 18 countries reduced their poverty rates (Ingraham). Between 2006 and 2011, the child poverty rate increased in 34 states, mainly in Nevada, Idaho, Hawaii, and New Mexico (Ingraham). Second, poverty also has an effect on students. There are more than half of public school students living in poverty and most students who live in poverty drop out of school and do not graduate or go to college (Kasperkevic). Some children actually think it is their fault that their families are homeless (60 Minutes). Also, poverty can affect studentsShow MoreRelatedThe Poverty Of The United States1727 Words   |  7 PagesPoverty defined by the American Heritage Dictionary is â€Å"lack of the means of providing material needs or comforts† (Hirokazu Yoshikawa, 2012). Poverty in the United States is an issue that is often times overlooked because the focus of poverty is on developing and struggling countries. People often think America does not experience poverty because it is such a thriving country. The problem with this is that America is indeed struggling with poverty: â€Å"there are currently 488 counties in America whereRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1548 W ords   |  7 Pagescitizens in poverty has risen. Several organizations have been set up to help those who suffer from poverty and provide their everyday needs. There are always ways where a community can help eliminate the amount of people suffering poverty. Government has an influence on how much money flow there is in the United States such as the FED, which was created to help maintain a stable monetary and financial system and control the money supply. People themselves can also help from falling into poverty, butRead MorePoverty Of The United States1408 Words   |  6 PagesWhen people hear the word poverty many people think of the bad connotations that come with it like, smelly homeless people that are crackheads and disease holders. Some people may even think they are uneducated or not hard working enough and rather ask for money instead of trying to get a job. Although a small portion of that may be true to some homeless people due to addictions on drugs and the toll it takes on their lives. The majority of homeless people are either veterans or immigrants, who findRead MorePoverty in the United States755 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty in the United States is getting in inferior quality every day and nothing is being done about it. Many people who want to help the poor, but no one knows exactly how to help them. A primary reason for people not taking action is because of lack of information that is provided about issues on poverty. Poverty is defined as the state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions. According to the U.S. Census Bureau data released Tuesday September 13thRead MorePoverty Of The United States Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesPoverty within the United States is defined as â€Å"having an income below a federally determined poverty threshold. † Poverty thresholds were developed by the United States government in the 60s. Over time these thresholds are adjusted to account fo r inflation; it is typical to adjust the poverty threshold levels annually. They represent the government’s estimate of the point below which a family has insufficient resources to meet their basic needs. Any family with less income than that establishedRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1531 Words   |  7 Pagessuch dialog, topics on the increasing and rather consistent levels of poverty in some regions in America are touched on as well. Poverty is defined as a condition where one’s basics needs for food, clothing, and shelter are not being met (What Is Poverty? â€Å"). From sea to shining sea, more than 15 percent of the American population live in poverty, a total of people over 46 million. Many who live in poverty within the United States live in areas that were once thriving from the country’s economic growthRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States Essay1385 Words   |  6 Pages The Character of Poverty in America Poverty has always been a key factor in United States History. Ever sense Americas birth there have been groups affected by poverty, but the forms of the poverty that affected these groups have changed as well as the nature of poverty itself in the USA. The abolition of slavery, the forced assimilation of native Americans, and mass immigration changed character of poverty within the united states change due to an evolution from agriculture to industry and a changeRead MoreThe Poverty Of The United States1746 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is poverty? A question most Americans will not have to think twice before answering. Poverty is, of course, simply a lack of money. The views of a specific person will defer when politics or morals are introduced, however, the idea stays the same. Those in poverty are there because they have less money than what has been decided to be livable. Poverty has changed significantly over the last two hundred years in the United States, and yet, the measuremen t has hardly changed since it was createdRead MorePoverty in the United States1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe Background of Poverty in America In the United States, there are about more than forty-six million people living in impoverished conditions today. Poverty is a major conflict issue in this country amongst people who are part of the lower class because American families always had a hard time making ends meet, even before the Great Recession began. Living in poverty puts them at a disadvantage because they have to choose between necessitates like health care, child care, and food in order toRead MorePoverty Of The United States1475 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' Poverty in the United States is defined as a social problem. As outlined in the text, a social problem is â€Å"a condition that undermines the well-being of some or all members of a society and is usually a matter of public controversy†. It is easy to see that there is a large economic divide in the United States, but with only a small percentage of people in the highest income stratification and the vast majority struggling to get by, the majority of United States citizens agree that there is too

Adrian Lamo Free Essay Example, 1750 words

Throughout the sixties to date there have been a number of computer crimes which have been extensively covered and with the increasing level of sophistication in both hardware and software industries, there will continue to be even more spectacular cases of computer crimes. However, one case of computer crime worth discussing is that involving Adrian Lamo. Adrian Lamo Adrian Lamo was born in Boston, Massachusetts in February of 1981 to Mary Lamo-Atwood and Mario Lamo both of Columbian descent. He had formerly dropped out of Lowell High School (San Francisco) in 1999. In his time as a hacker he went by the name the homeless hacker due to his tendencies of roaming cyber cafes, abandoned buildings and lounge surfing. He is reputed to have gained access to a dozen of high-security networks sometimes to explore the weakness of the system while sometimes for research. He pled guilty to federal charges of unauthorized access to a computer network on 8th January 2004 and was sentenced to home detention and sixty five thousand dollars in restitution. After his conviction, he enrolled in American River College where he pursues a degree in writing, photography, and editorial work. We will write a custom essay sample on Adrian Lamo or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He also married on September 6th, 2007 to Lauren Lamo. Major attacks Lamo is attributed to a dozen attacks on private and public networks which included schools but he is most famous for his access to the New York Times, Microsoft, Fortune 500 networks. He has also confessed to have gained access into Yahoo and SBC (a telephone company), Cingular, Ameritech among other networks. Hacking, the term used to refer to un authorized access to a secure computer network has its roots in the invention of the telephone. Hacking can only work in networked environments hence the first ever recorded ‘hacking’ was done by John Draper (captain Crunch) when he discovered that a toy whistle from a cereal box could produce the precise tone of 2600Hz which could consequently allow him to make free long distance calls (Kizza, 2002, p. 243). This came to be known as â€Å"phreaking†. Over time there were other attacks but the first notable system penetration started in mid-80 with a group of hackers who were based in San Francisco called 414-club. Th eir attacks were via Stanford University computers. But with time, there have arisen two types of hackers; those whose main aim is to detect weaknesses in system so that they can help the owners to correct the loop holes and those who scan for such loopholes so as to initiate attacks.

Learning in the Social environment Free Essays

Introduction The first social environment is our home, where our family dwells. This kind of environment forms our initial learning, behaviors and our characteristics which give us ideas of who we are and how we are going to act and respond on future circumstances. What we usually see in our everyday living contribute much to our totality as human beings. We will write a custom essay sample on Learning in the Social environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Dr. Bilal Iqbal Avan on his researched that â€Å"during the first three years of life, development of neuronal connections within the brains is condition by the child’s perception of environmental stimuli conveyed by all modalities of sensation. This process affects learning ability, behavior and health in childhood, adolescence and maturity.† (See B. I. Avan, â€Å"The Social Environment during Early Childhood Development in Sindh†. Department of community health Science: School of nursing, the Aga Khan University). *Social Environment Affects Learning* In a study entitled â€Å"Observational Learning† stated that â€Å"observational learning happens when an observer’s behavior changes after viewing the behavior of a model. An observer’s behavior can be affected by the positive or negative consequence, which is called vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment, of a model’s behavior. It stated that the observer will imitate the model’s behavior if the model possesses characteristics that the observer finds attractive or desirable. The observer will react to the way the model is treated and mimic model’s behavior. A distinction exists between an observer’s â€Å"acquiring† a behavior and â€Å"performing† a behavior. Through observation, the observer can acquire the behavior without performing it† (See â€Å"Observational Learning†. Funderstanding). Erin C. Barrett, November 23, 2003, stated that according to Armrod that â€Å"learning is a  means through which we acquire not only skills and knowledge but values, attitudes, and emotional reactions†¦ Barrett continued that the â€Å"behavioral learning theory focuses on the learning of tangible, observable behaviors or responses. Through a continual process of stimulating a desired response and reinforcing that desired response, the learner eventually changes their behavior to match the desired response. She continued that â€Å"learning happens in the most basic way and it is something that we can see. As long as the desired behavior is happening, then learning has occurred† (See E. C. Barrett, November 23, 2003. â€Å"The Study of Learning: A Thought paper†. Principles of instruction and learning). *Effects of modeling on behavior* According from the notes on Ormond’s Human learning, it discussed that â€Å"modeling teaches new behaviors. It influences the frequency of previously learned behaviors. It may also encourage previously forbidden behaviors. In short, modeling increases the frequency of similar behaviors (See J. E. Ormrod (1999). â€Å"Social Learning Theory† (3rd Ed). Notes on Ormond’s human learning). *Opinion and Recommendation* We have learned that children are just like a â€Å"tabula rasa† or a clean slate which means that their learning is up to the things they have seen around them. They are great imitators and really followed what are the older people doing. As adults, we should be careful with our actions especially if we are surrounded with children. We must be responsible enough with our actions and responses in every circumstance that we face because it will bring great effect and impact to the young ones’ lives. We are shaping their characters and behaviors through the actions they have seen in us. References Avan, B. I. â€Å"The Social Environment during Early Childhood Development in Sindh†. Ormrod, J. E. (1999). â€Å"Social Learning Theory† (3rd Ed). Notes on Ormond’s human E. C. Barrett, November 23, 2003. â€Å"The Study of Learning: A Thought paper†. Principles How to cite Learning in the Social environment, Essay examples

International Business Environment

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business Environment. Answer: Introduction Generally, in the context of this research study, Ego Pharmaceuticals is chosen organization as Australian Pharmaceutical Company in order to achieve the aims/objectives and goals associated with the research study. Moreover, it is expected that, the company want to expand its business operations by entering into a global market such as China and South Africa. Additionally, this research study would also provide an overview about the different risks or issues or challenges that may be faced by the company in both markets. On the other hand, it would also offer description about the market opportunities available for the Ego Pharmaceuticals in both China and South Africa Market. Furthermore, based on the identified risks and available opportunities in the market, a best market/country among the China and South Africa would be selected with proper justification. Along with this, different kinds of market entry strategies would be discussed which one best strategy would be recommended t o the company in order to enter into a most suitable market. Finally, the potential advantages and disadvantages of the selected market entry strategy would also be analysed. Ego Pharmaceuticals In the Australian Health care and Pharmaceutical industry, Ego Pharmaceuticals is considered one of the most ethical, trusted, and leading Australian Pharmaceutical Company. Moreover, it is found that, it is one of the largest and biggest drug manufacturing companies of the nation that produce and manufactures a wide range of pharmaceutical medicines. It is a privately held Pharmaceutical multinational skin care company that has business operations in different nations including Singapore, Hong Kong and the United Kingdom, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Saudi Arabia. But, it still now, it has not business in both China and South Africa (Ego Pharmaceuticals, 2016). Along with this, it is also accessed that, it is producing skincare products from the last sixty years. This company was developed by chemist Gerald Oppenheim in the year1953 in Melbourne, Australia. The company is also producing dermatological products for the people those facing skin related diseases. At the same time, it is analysed that, currently company is providing a wide range of skin care products in more than 11 nations of the world (Ego Pharmaceuticals, 2016). Risks and Opportunities in South Africa and China Risks: Fundamentally, commercial, country, financial and cross cultural risks etc are four sorts of risks confronted by an organization when it goes into global market. These dangers adversely influence the business operations, methodologies, techniques, piece of the overall industry, level of incomes, and benefit of an organization into the global market. In addition, it is essential for the new organization to get to capability of another nation by leading risks and open opportunities analysis. Commercial Risks: It is also known as business risks that affect the overall business operations of a company. Moreover, it is sorts of risk that happens from the potential misfortunes emerging from the exchanging accomplices or the business sector. Be that as it may, in the China, there are less business risks by contrasting with South Africa. For instance, China had built up a considerable measure of free exchange concurrences with the Australia and solid business relations exits among these two. Interestingly, there is absence of such business contrast among the South Africa and Australia (Deloitee, 2013). Currency /Financial Risks: As contrast with South Africa, there would be less monetary risks accessible in the adjustments in the China market as a result of high genuine GDP rate. Additionally, the general financial and political circumstance of the China is solid by contrasting with South Africa so the organization ought to enter in the Chinees pharmaceutical industry (Yates, 2015). Country Risks: These risks incorporate political danger, swapping scale hazard, financial danger, sovereign hazard and exchange risk. For case, the political and financial environment of the China is exceedingly steady and successful as contrast with South Africa because of accessibility of strict and strong business rules, laws, controls, and measures. Interestingly, the both political and financial environment of South Africa is not solid and powerful as contrast with China because of hole in administrative arrangements. Subsequently, there is less nation dangers in the China as contrast with South Africa (Completion Commission South Africa, 2015). Cross-Cultural Risks: As with the most noteworthy populace, China is the biggest nation in the worldwide world with a populace of 1.357 billion and this is expanding quickly step by step. Interestingly, the number of inhabitants in South Africa is rough 52.98 million. This extraordinary distinction demonstrates that the Chinees populace is exceedingly expanded as contrast with South Africa. In China, there is diverse populace with various needs, needs and request that may influence the achievement and development of an organization in the country. Similarly, Chinese society is very mind boggling as contrast with South Africa so there are more prominent culturally diverse dangers exits in China (Impact Rx, 2015). Opportunities: There are a lot of opportunities and benefits available both in China and South Africa. There are a ton of opportunities and advantages accessible both in China and South Africa. The pharmaceutical business sector or industry of South Africa is little as contrast with China so new organization can without much of a stretch focus on their clients for their item. There is no tight rivalry in the business sector and organizations can without much of a stretch grow business in the country (Moomaw, Olson, McLean, Applegate, 2009). Then again, the Pharmaceutical environment is creative and steady that can help new organization to enhance their level of benefit. In the meantime, it is found that, there are no strict business rules for the new organizations inside the South Africa. Alongside this, it is gotten to that; there is absence of eco-accommodating wellbeing approaches created by the legislature. Interestingly, there are a considerable measure of business open doors and degree accessible in the China market as contrast with South Africa in light of worlds biggest and greatest business sector and economy. Then again, the developing focus of China is on advancement (KPMG, 2011). Furthermore, the business sector of China is deal with higher-end customer products and services. Moreover, imaginative and strong business arrangements, laws, tenets, and directions are planned and created by the administration of China. This greatest opportunity accessible in the business sector of China is accessibility of prepared and very much talented representatives or workforce. Also, there are lessened rates of Tariffs and taxes with an expansive number of clients (Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, 2016). The new organization can take the upsides of accessibility of assets at the less expensive rate or cost. In the meantime, it is found that, in the China, low work costs, and solid political and financial structure are alternate favourable circumstances of this business sector. Chinese Business Etiquette and Culture can bolster another organization to extend its business in country adequately and effortlessly. At long last, there is additionally accessibility of various Large and little money related organizations and budgetary establishments (Deloitee, 2014). Justification for the Chosen Country In light of the recognized risks, and opportunities, it is proposed that Ego Pharmaceuticals ought to enter and grow their business in China not in South Africa. It is on account of, there is more noteworthy and abnormal state of risks and difficulties exits in the business sector of South Africa as analyses to China. In addition, as contrast with South Africa, a considerable measure of business opportunities are accessible in the Chinees market that can be picked up by the Ego Pharmaceuticals keeping in mind the end goal to grow the business. Additionally, it is likewise found that, the political, financial, social, technical and legitimate environment of the China is stronger than South Africa. In this way, it is prescribed that; the organization ought to go for China to grow the business operations. In the meantime, it is likewise found that, in the South Africa, there is a frail strategy environment and restricted administrative backing for the Pharmaceuticals organizations. Conv ersely, in China, there is a solid strategy for such organizations and appropriate backing is given by the legislature to the organizations so as to develop and extend the business (Bioassociate, 2012). Also, the Pharmaceutical business sector of the China is bigger and greatest as contrast with South Africa so there are more opportunities accessible in the Chinees market for the Pharmaceuticals organizations. Conversely, inside the Pharmaceuticals business division of the South Africa, there is a gap among the authorization limits and administrative system that may influence the achievement of the organization in the business sector. Then again, as contrast with China, in South Africa, there are setbacks in capital and aptitudes. Alongside this, China is one of the greatest and most populated nations in the worldwide world (National Industry Program, 2016). Besides, the Pharmaceutical segment of the China is likewise working exceptionally well and quick with quickest developing rate of economy and the financial and political structure of the country is powerful. Thus, it is recommended that, Ego Pharmaceuticals ought to enter and grow their business in China as contrast with South Africa keeping in mind the end goal to take the advantages of greatest and biggest business sector of the world (Strategy , 2014). Depth of Analysis It is likewise fundamental for the Ego Pharmaceuticals to choose a best market entry technique by investigating and getting to the business environment of China business sector. In this way, so as to pick a best technique, the organization would break down the monetary reconciliation between Australia and China. In addition, the organization would likewise need to investigate both the political and legitimate environment of the China. Degree of Economic Integration: The financial incorporation among the China and Australia is at the territorial level which is set apart in the level of the development of middle of the road products bargain, intraregional exchange, and harmonization between incoherent parts of the assembling methods in the distinctive business areas. Then again, an unhindered commerce understanding is likewise exits and created among the Australia and China with a specific end goal to lessen exchange obstructions. In the meantime, it is likewise investigated that, in the year 2014, China is the greatest and biggest exchanging accomplice of China. For instance, the representing 23 for each penny of Australia's two-way exchange, the second year reciprocal exchange values have surpassed A$150 billion. Similarly, China is the greatest and biggest fare market (A$98 billion) and wellspring of imports (A$54 billion). Similarly, China is the biggest shipper and exporter of the Australia that demonstrates solid business connections among these two countries. In the present time, Australia is likewise upgrading its two-path exchange with China to enhance its financial circumstance. Subsequently, it can be said that, there is an abnormal state of financial mix among the China and Australia (Xiong, Yamada, Terano, 2015). Monetary Environment of China: The financial environment of China is extremely solid as contrast with different countries of the worldwide world. For instance, the new outside organizations may take the advantages of weaker swapping scale and successfully extend the business in the country by enhancing their piece of the overall industry. Notwithstanding this, the monetary change made by the China from the most recent couple of years had made an appealing and strong goal speculators and exporters. In addition, there is a fast change in the GDP rate of China from the most recent 10 years. For instance, from the most recent ten decades, the GDP of China had extended by a normal 10% p.a. Conversely, the value business sector of the country is as of now experienced the sharp downturn. Be that as it may, China is utilizing a few methodologies as a part of request to manage this downturn in the value market. This is advantageous for the speculators and in addition new organization that nee d to grow the business in China (Pacific Bridge Medical, 2014). Political Environment of China: It is analysed to that; the political atmosphere of China is additionally exceptionally solid and successful. For instance, as per the World Bank, China is the second positioned base quartile of economies for three measurements of administration including absence of brutality, political solidness, solid law standards, and control of defilement. Moreover, CPSC (Central Politburo Standing Committee) is the most persuasive and most elevated basic leadership body in the country (Nanda, Kumar, 2012). Recommendations on Entry Strategy Today, it is more critical and significant for the organizations or business firms to distinguish and picked a best market entry methodology keeping in mind the end goal to extend the business and go into the worldwide bazaar. For instance, there are various types of market entry technique, for example, Greenfield Investments, Piggybacking, Turnkey Projects, Merger, Acquisition, Partnering, Joint venture, Franchising, Licensing, direct trading and so forth. Every one of these techniques might be utilized by Ego Pharmaceuticals as a part of request to grow the business into the China. Thus, it is more thorough for the Ego Pharmaceuticals to break down and select a best market section methodology keeping in mind the end goal to go into the Chinese business sector or Pharmaceutical industry (Mitrev, Culpepper, 2012). Then again, it can be said that taking into account the level of monetary coordination, political and financial environment, and Joint venture would be a standout amongst the most profitable, dynamic, viable and best market entry strategy as contrast with others for the Ego Pharmaceuticals keeping in mind the end goal to enhance and grow business in the Chinese business sector (Thoo, 2013). For instance, as indicated by this technique, Ego Pharmaceuticals would create and make business plan with the Chinees Pharmaceutical organizations by consenting to pool their assets with the end goal of fulfilling a particular assignment. Furthermore, by utilizing this methodology, Ego Pharmaceuticals can likewise adequately grow the business in the China and make most extreme benefit viably. For instance, dangers and in addition benefits would be shared similarly by both the organizations in the business sector. Similarly, Ego Pharmaceuticals can have the capacity to build its business limit and get to more noteworthy assets viably (Moses, Moore, Pleasant, Vest, 2011). Furthermore, Joint venture would likewise permit the home organization to development and extend business operations in the host nation without borrowing stores. Along these lines, it would be less demanding for Ego Pharmaceuticals to set up a solid nearness in the China advertise and create greatest benefit and income successfully. Moreover, various types of unmistakable and impalpable advantages can likewise be picked up by Ego Pharmaceuticals through joint venture. For instance, such advantages incorporates: bigger business sector achieve, Barriers to rivalry, shorter expectation to absorb information, new income streams, upgraded believability, item and licensed innovation additions, Expertise and learning pick up (Roncoroni, Fusai, Cummins, 2015). Henceforth, keeping in mind the end goal to increase such advantages, Ego Pharmaceuticals would utilize Joint venture as a business sector passage technique to enter and grow the business in China. But, in order to adopt this, the com pany has to develop long term relations with other companies in the Chinees market and spend much more time and investment (Cullen, Parboteeah, 2010). Summary On the premise of above examination, it is compressed and proposed that, Ego Pharmaceuticals ought to enter and extend its business in China not in South Africa by utilizing joint venture market entry mode. In addition, it is likewise imperative for an organization to go into worldwide business sector to get to the current political, financial, and social environment. At last, it can be presumed that, various types of dangers/difficulties and open doors are ways out in the worldwide environment. References Bioassociate, 2012, Pharmerging Market: China- the next major innovative Pharma Market, viewed 22 September 2016, https://china.nlambassade.org/binaries/content/assets/postenweb/c/china/zaken-doen-in-china/sectoren/life-sciences/bioassociate-pharmerging-markets-china-2012.pdf Completion Commission South Africa, 2015, Role of Competition in the Pharmaceutical Sector and its Benefits for Consumers. viewed 22 September 2016, https://unctad.org/meetings/en/Presentation/CCPB_7RC2015_RTPharma_SouthAfrica_en.pd Cullen, J.B, Parboteeah, KP, 2010, International Business: Strategy and Multinational Company, pp. 3-33. Deloitee, 2013, Corruption Risks in Chinese Pharmaceutical Market, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/cn/Documents/finance/deloitte-cn-fas-corruption-risk-chinese-pharmaceutical-mkt-en-150813.pdf Deloitee, 2014, 2015 life sciences outlook South Africa, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/global/Documents/Life-Sciences-Health-Care/gx-lshc-2015-life-sciences-report-south-africa.pdf Ego Pharmaceuticals, 2016, About Us, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www.egopharm.com/ Impact Rx, 2015, A review of the South African Pharmaceutical landscape, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www.utipharma.co.za/documents/198965/199128/UTi+November+2015+-+South+Africa+V1.pdf/c9c979e4-41ce-4d2c-94dc-e24f5d8c1b43 KPMG, 2011, Chinas Pharmaceutical Industry, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www.kpmg.com/cn/en/issuesandinsights/articlespublications/documents/china-pharmaceutical-201106-2.pdf Mitrev, S. Culpepper, R, 2012, Expatriation in Europe: Factors and Insights, The Journal of International Management Studies, vol.7, no.1, pp. 158-167. Moses, C, Moore, K, Pleasant, J Vest, D, 2011, ADAPTING THE E.P.R.G PARADIGM TO INTERNATIONALIZING BUSINESS SCHOOLS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, International Journal of Business and Social Science, vol. 2, no. 23, pp.60-67. Moomaw, R., Olson, K., McLean, W. Applegate, M 2009, Economics and Contemporary Issues (8th ed.). USA: Cengage Learning. Nanda, S Kumar, A, 2012, International Staffing: Factors, Issues and alternatives, Journal of Human Resource Management and Development (JHRMD), vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 56-64. National Industry Program, 2016, the next phase: Opportunities in China's pharmaceuticals market, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ch/Documents/life-sciences-health-care/ch_Studie_Pharmaceutical_China_05052014.pdf Pacific Bridge Medical, 2014, China Regulatory and Market Access Pharmaceutical report. viewed 22 September 2016, https://www.pacificbridgemedical.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/China-Regulatory-and-Market-Access-Pharmaceutical-Report-2014.pdf Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, 2016, Investing in Chinas Pharmaceutical Industry, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/pharma-life-sciences/assets/en-pharma_03-26-small.pdf Roncoroni, A., Fusai, G., Cummins, M 2015, Handbook of Multi-Commodity Markets and Products: Structuring, Trading and Risk Management. USA: John Wiley Sons. Strategy, 2014, Pharma Emerging Markets 2.0, viewed 22 September 2016, https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Strategyand_Pharma-Emerging-Markets-2.0.pdf Thoo, L, 2013, International HR Assignment in Recruiting and Selecting: Challenges, Failures and Best Practices, International Journal of Human Resource Studies, vol. 3, no. 4, pp 143-158. Xiong, Y., Yamada, T., Terano, T., 2015, Comparison of different market making strategies for high frequency traders. In 2015 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC). pp. 324-335. IEEE. Yates, M., 2015, 12 Challenges Big Pharma Faces in China. viewed 22 September 2016, https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:https://social.eyeforpharma.com/column/12-challenges-big-pharma-faces-chinagws_rd=crei=RL_jV9GzM4WajwOwybP4Ag

Lost and Found in Translating Tourist Texts free essay sample

This neutralising strategy with its information-oriented, association-applied and concept-based principles can be employed to ensure the equivalents in information, concept and aesthetics. KEYWORDS Domesticating and foreignising, advantages and disadvantages, neutralising, informationoriented, association-applied, concept-based. 1. Cultural Translation and Translating Culture When we discuss the translation of tourist texts from Chinese to English, it is very important to make a distinction between the two terms ? translating culture‘ and ? ultural translation‘. Translating culture, in a narrow sense, refers to the act of transferring meaning from one specific culture -bearing language to another. Cultural translation refers to a dynamic process where everyone and everything that are a part of the interact ion in translation undergo change, where notions are constructed about other cultures and about oneself. That is to say, translating culture is an act only in translati on and cultural translation is the understanding and rendering of cultural concepts. Translating tourist texts is not simply translating culture, but also involves cultural translation. We will write a custom essay sample on Lost and Found in Translating Tourist Texts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a sense, translating tourist texts means translating the source culture to the reader. It is known that culture is the ? integrated pattern of human knowl edge, beliefs, and behaviour that is both a result of and integral to the human capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations. Culture thus consists of language, ideas, beliefs, customs, taboos, codes, institutions, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, ceremonies, symbols.? Stevens et al 2008: 430). Tourist attractions are often deeply rooted in the culture of a country. Every society, on every level, has its own culture influenced by its history and geography. Therefore the aim of tourist text translating should not be only to perform cultural rendering but also to translate culture from Chinese to English. 2. Qualities of Tourist Texts Tourist texts are designed to introduce the scenic spots to the viewers, and to convey the related information to them in order to enable the viewers to unders tand and enjoy the spots. They mainly offer the expressive, the informative and the vocative functions. The expressive function works as the mind of the speaker, the writer, or the originator of the text. He or she uses it to express his or her feelings irrespective of any response. The core of the informative function is an external aspect, the facts of a topic, that is, reality outside language, including reported ideas or theories. The core of the vocative function is the readership, the addressee. The term ? vocative‘ is used in the sense of ? calling upon‘ readership to act, think or feel, in fact to ? eact‘ in the way intended by the text. Nowadays, vocative texts are more often addressed to a readership than to a reader (Newmark, 1988: 40-45). In my opinion, the vocative function is the goal, while the informative function is the premise. This is because tourist texts are a type of popular reading material for ordinary people. The purpose is to attract the tourists‘ attention, a rouse their interest and give them an aesthetic impression, so that they may be persuaded to visit the tourist attraction and gain knowledge of the nature, ulture, history and customs of the tourist attraction through reading the text. Therefore the vocative function is of utmost importance. As a result, a number of factors need to be taken into account. As Newmark (1988: 41) points out, ? The first factor in all vocative texts is the relationship between the writer and the readership. The second factor is that these texts must be written in a language that is immediately comprehensible to the readership.? However, this effort can be achieved only through the provision of sufficient background information. Before potential visitors make up their minds to go sightseeing, they may want to obtain some relevant information about the tourist destination such as its location, historical importance, and cultural traditions . A detailed, accurate and attractive description will strengthen visitors‘ resolve to go; therefore to be informative is also another important consideration. According to Newmark (1988), both informative text and vocative text belong to communicative translation, while the expressive text belongs to semantic translation. In his opinion communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original text in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership (Newmark 1988: 48-49). At the same time, the expressive function should not be neglected either. By reading a well-translated tourist text, people can sense national pride and a warm welcome emanating from the host country‘s guidebooks. Apart from the above-mentioned functions, tourist texts still possess ? the 125 aesthetic function? (Chen 1998: 273) and cultural values. When speaking of the aesthetic function, it is evident that the tourist text is often very short and well-organised in structure, and concise and sparkling in language. As far as the cultural value is concerned, it is manifested primarily through three aspects: the inherent values in natural views like rivers, lakes, mountains and so on; the traditional values long-established in heritage such as habits, traditions, practices, social structures, arts and crafts, etc. ; and the artificial values held in man-made sights like palaces and temples, imperial tombs and underground museums, architecture and gardens, and elsewhere. The translation of such texts is characterised by a special intention but disadvantaged by inadequate cultural equivalents. As we know, the ideal tourist texts should maintain such qualities as being informative, intriguing, realistic, practical, cultural, educational, humorous and even poetic. Thanks to the aforementioned qualities and their functions, the translator has to think of ? genre conventions‘ and follow the target reader‘s reading habits and feelings when translating the text. Nord (2001: 53) states, ? Genre conventions are the result of the standardisation of communication practices. As certain kinds of text are used repeatedly in certain situations with more or less the same function, these texts acquire conventional forms that are sometimes even raised to the status of social norms .? In this context, the translation of a tourist text should attach importance to the equivalence of the informative contents and stylistic functions between the original and the translated texts, rather than the equivalence in linguistic forms. Translation of tourist texts is a kind of publicity activity.

Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Essays

Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Essays Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Paper Comparing and contrasting The Lamb to the slaughter and The Vendetta Paper Essay Topic: Literature In this essay I will be comparing and contrasting the stories of the Vendetta and The lamb to the slaughter. These two stories are about revenge. I will compare and contrast the way revenge is presented in both stories. In the story of The lamb to the slaughter, the main character is Mary Maloney. In the beginning Mary is portrayed as being a loving and devoted wife that dotes on her husband. Mary appears to love every little thing about her husband, she loved him for the way he sat loosely in his chair. At this point in the story Marys life seems almost perfect, she had everything she could ever want. She was pregnant, living in a comfortable house and with a husband she loved dearly. Things were going so well that something must go wrong. As soon as Patrick, Marys husband, tells Mary of his news she acts like nothing has happened, although she is clearly in shock. her first instinct was not to believe any of it, to reject it all. What Patrick said must have affected Mary strongly, even giving her the desire to vomit. Before Patrick had told her his news, Mary seemed content and comfortable. I think Mary started to suspect something wasnt right when Patrick told her to sit down. He acted strongly by saying it twice, Almost begging her to sit down, just for a minute, sit down. It was at this point that Mary got scared. Although as soon as he had told her she just went into a state of denial and carried on getting the supper. What he said didnt sink in, or maybe it did and Mary just chose no to think about it even though she was obviously upset. While Mary went to get the supper she was almost like a robot, everything was automatic In the deep freeze she found a frozen leg of lamb and carried it back up the cellar steps. Upon reaching the top Patrick said for gods sake, dont make supper for me. Im going out. As he spoke something inside Mary clicked, what he had just told her seemed to sink in. Mary walked up behind Patrick and hit him across the back of the head with the frozen leg of lamb, which she had picked out for their supper. Calmly, Mary stepped back, still not realising what she had done. Patrick fell to the floor and the crashing noise of his fall made Mary realise what she had done. She calmly took in the fact he was dead by saying, all right and so Ive killed him. As soon as Mary had realised that she had killed her husband, she became devious. She started to think of the consequences and what would happen to her and her baby. Mary wasnt stupid, she knew that there would probably be a death penalty, yet she didnt know what would happen to the baby. Even though Mary had just killed her husband she still cared about her unborn child. For this reason Mary devised a plan and alibi in her head. She would act as normal. She practiced going to the shop and asking for some potatoes and a can of peas. Mary practised this in front of her mirror and applied her make up. As soon as she felt that her voice sounded normal, Mary left her dead husband lying on the floor and went to the shop. On her return, she saw the body of Patrick. Upon seeing the lifeless body Mary was truly shocked. She had convinced herself that she hadnt killed him, or even hit him. Mary had made herself believe this was just a normal day. By doing so Mary felt all the pain and horror of finding her husband dead again, yet this time she was heartbroken. The Widow Saverini is first presented to us as a poor old woman that loves her son, she lives alone with him and their dog. We know she is poor as the text says alone with her son in a poor little house. When Antoine Saverini, the widows son was murdered, his body was taken back to the widow. This would make us feel sympathetic towards the widow as she has to see the bloody body of her dead child. The widow is clearly extremely distressed over Antoines death and swears revenge on his killer. When the widow first saw the lifeless body of her son, she didnt even cry which gives us the impression she was in deep shock. She must have felt great pain over Antoines death and she locks herself, and the dog, into the house with Antoines body. Once locked in she broke down and wept great silent tears. We are told later on in the story that the widow is religious, as she goes to church and prays. I believe that this is why she swore revenge. As some religious people believe that the only way the soul can rest is if the death is avenged. As there was no-one else to carry out the vendetta the widow had no choice but to seek revenge herself. At the beginning of the story the widow is portrayed as a loving mother that is grieving for her dead son whom she loved and cared for. As the story progresses however the widow appears to become obsessed with avenging her sons death. All day long, sitting by the window, she looked over there and pondered revenge. Her whole life seems to revolve around avenging her son. As soon as the widow thinks of a plan of revenge, she becomes devious. She plans out far ahead and prepares everything perfectly. She trains the dog for three month, patiently waiting until the dog will follow her command perfectly. The widow then disguises herself before she carrys out her main objective. At the end of the story we see the widow as ruthless, but we remember her as a loving mother that is determined to carry out a promise she made to her son, whatever the cost. Both Mary and the Widow are very intelligent. We know this because they both cover their tracks exceptionally well. The Widow does this by disguising her self as an old man whereas Mary does not use a physical disguise, but instead conceals her guilt. The two women are from different generations and cultures, as well as the stories being set in different time eras. The Widow and Mary both dont seem to care what happens to them at first, Mary sees no life for herself without her husband and the widow is old and sees her life as pointless now her son has gone. Later on however Mary thinks about her baby and doesnt want to leave it and so makes sure that there is no way anyone would ever no it was her that was infact the murderer. Both women are manipulative, Mary is talented at acting and acts innocent and upset at the death of her husband. Mary not only convinces herself of her innocence but also manages to convince the police. The widow manipulates the dog, by training it to do as she says. Mary is rather impulsive and kills Patrick on the spur of the moment, however the Widow takes her time to carefully plan out the murder. Although we know clearly why the widow seeks revenge we do not know why Mary does because the author does not tell us. The effect of not knowing means we assume the worst, as it must have been really bad to compel her to murder the man she doted on and adored. Both the women used murder as their revenge, Mary killing her husband and the Widow killing her sons murderer. We get the impression that Patrick told Mary he was leaving her. If this was the case then both Mary and the Widow turned to murder because they had lost someone they loved. Both revenges are different. Marys revenge is spontaneous, but the Widows is planned out perfectly. Marys revenge seems to be the perfect crime, whereas the Widow has a few flaws in her plan, such as many people knowing she had a motive and also the fact many people saw her, even if dressed as an old man. Although it doesnt matter as much that the Widows crime had a few flaws because she didnt seem to care as much if she was caught as she was old and felt that she had nothing left to live for now her son had gone, whereas Mary was expecting her first child. The revenge I preferred was Marys. The crime was so perfect and I admire her intelligence and acting skills. In my opinion the Widow was to cold blooded whereas I can understand Marys motives more. I loved the way Mary acted around the police, even convincing them to eat the murder weapon whilst they were supposed to be searching for it.

Analytical reflection on three actual events Essay

Analytical reflection on three actual events - Essay Example However, RO was no less fun. In-game towns and cities were jam-packed with players at any given time. In fact, the Chaos server in particular often had literally over 9,000 people from all walks of life and of all ages playing at a given moment. The diversity of the community, as can still be seen on the Ragnaboards, coupled with a simple yet addictive gameplay interface, was what hooked me – the first two months of my stay were spent leveling up my character. Alas, it was not meant to be; I ended up quitting after getting a first-hand experience of Level Up’s lack of customer care. I logged in one day to find my character stripped bare – all the gear and the loot I had hunted for disappeared. When I filed a complaint to their Customer Service, they refused to compensate my loss – this angered me to the point of quitting. Sadly, Level Up seemed to have deteriorated even further from there. Over time, hacking and scamming alike increasingly fell on deaf ears. Bots – 3rd party programs used by players to gain an unfair advantage – while ostensibly illegal, were no longer being addressed. Next thing I knew, Level Up legalised botting (MPC Forums, 2005). The overwhelming number of other reports such as item duplication made it worse. It still makes me sad sometimes. I loved the game, but the company’s utter disregard for its customers in the name of money turned me off – the legalisation of botting in order to maximise their income by way of prepaid cards attests to this. Considering how much prosperity RO and its players brought to Level Up, one would think these customers deserved better treatment. Feminism, as the word implies, entails the defense of women’s rights. As further explained by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (first published 2003), some writers use the word in reference to specific American and European movements whereas others equate it with the belief that

African American Hinstory Response+Identification Essay

African American Hinstory Response+Identification - Essay Example vitality and strength in their kingdom, fertility to their crops, animals, women, and men and protection from famine and dangerous plagues caused by evil spirits. To Odwira festival was special to invoke the spirit in the Golden stool. John Biggers was a fine arts educator with vast knowledge in painting, sculpting, graphic design, printmaking, and muralist. Most of his works revolved diverse dimensions in art, religion, and mysteries of Egypt and other African countries. Some of the styles of art evident in his work are as follows: Lithography; Frustration (Seeking), 1952, Surrealism; History of Negro education in Morris County and Texas, 1955, Historical; Four Seasons, 1984, Folk; Market Women, Ghana Circa 1960 and Aunty Dicy and her Snaff-dipping neighbors, Muralist; Share Cropper, 1945 The discussion above reveals how art serve different purposes in the community. Every society has a preferred impression associated with art because it is brings out the true definition of situations. On professional grounds, lithographic art work has been used to communicate important instances in society since the industrial age. Adu-Agyem, J., K. A. Agyapong, and K. Agyei. "The Philosophical And Aesthetic Significance Of The Silver-Stool Of Mampong-Asante In Ghana." International Journal of Innovative Research and Development 2.11

Meanign and characteristics of a Service

Meanign and characteristics of a Service Researchers had focused on the prosperous history of the marketing discipline. Researchers has also made specific contribution of the fact that previous marketing literature ignored the marketing of services, and rather emphasized the importance of marketing of the physical goods. The following quote by Converse (1921) obviously supports that idea: Still the main function of business is to market goods. Accounting, banking, insurance, and transportation are only aids, very important aids it is true, to the production and marketing of goods (p. vi). Throughout the review of extensive lirtature on marketing on general services marketing, Fisk, Brown and Bitner (1993) explored that even up until the 1950s and 1960s services marketing was typically studied only by dissertation research. At that instant there was not only little acknowledgement of services marketing, but more astonishingly no understanding of the difference between physical goods and services. Johnson (1969) was the author of a dissertation titled Are goods and services different? That research was mainly accountable for flashing the goods versus services discussion that followed (Fisk, Brown and Bitner, 1993). Only after the American Marketing Association (1960) presented a definition of services did services articles begin to emerge in typical marketing journals. These articles required to challenge the Associations service definition, which described services as: Activities, benefits or satisfactions which are offered for sale, or are provided in connection with the sale of goods. Examples are amusements, hotel service, electric service, transportation, the services of barber shops and beauty shops, repair and maintenance service, the work of credit rating bureaus. This list is merely illustrative and no attempt has been made to make it complete. The term also applies to various activities such as credit extension, advice and help of sales people, delivery, by which the seller serves the convenience of his customers. (p. 21). Regan (1963) supported this definition, although authors key concern was not to discuss the definition, but to underline the creation of services that was taking place in the United States. Judd (1964) was one of the first authors to make an effort to redefining services. Author was critical of the services definition that had been presented due to it being simply descriptive, imperfect and too dependent on listed examples. Consequently, Rathmell (1966) broadly detailed the marketing characteristics of services, a task saw as crucial in light of the United States rapidly increasing services sector. The features author portrayed are still used today throughout many services marketing journals and textbooks (Fisk, Brown and Bitner, 1993). Authors have usually agreed upon the fact that a service contains of the following features: intangibility, inseparability, perishability and heterogeneity. These previous articles went a long way towards helping people to understand the multifaceted nature of marketing, and thus helped to eliminate the marketing myopia illustrated by Levitt (1960). Meaning of Service A service is a complex fact (Grà ¶nroos 1988:10). The word has various connotations, varying from a personal service to a service as a product. The range of the meaning of the concept can be even vital. Berry, Zeithaml and Parasuraman (1985:44) define services as Performances, not objects. Gaster and Squires (2003:7) partially have the same opinion with this definition, as they define services as experience goods. From these definitions it is clear that a service varies from goods, but it is not totally apparent what the nature of a service is. As the focal point of the current research is a service rather than goods, it would be preferable to utilize a definition that recognizes the necessary characteristics of a service for the purposes of the current research. The characteristics of a service are recognized as intangibility (Boshoff 1990; Eiglier Langeard 1977; Grà ¶nroos 1978; Schneider White 2004; Upah Fulton 1985), relative inseparability (Eiglier Langeard 1977; Gaster Squires 2003; Grà ¶nroos 1978; Schneider White 2004), interdependence (Czepiel et al. 1985; Eiglier Langeard 1977; Grà ¶nroos 1984; Haywood-Farmer 1988; Kelly, Donnelly Skinner 1990; Speller Ghobadian 1993a) and heterogeneity (Anthony Govindarajan 2000; Eiglier Langeard 1977; Gaster Squires 2003; Haywood-Farmer 1988; Schneider White 2004). Characteristics of services Intangibility Probably the most basic and most often it is mentioned of the many characteristics of a service is the defining characteristic of intangibility (Boshoff 1990:37; Eiglier Langeard 1977: 36; Grà ¶nroos 1978:591; Schneider White 2004:6; Upah Fulton 1985:255). This characteristic involves that true services cannot be seen, touched, held, tasted, smelled or stored they have no physical demonstration (Schneider White 2004:6; Speller Ghobadian 1993a:2; Upah Fulton 1985:255). At a theoretical level, this characteristic is complex to analyze because one cannot grasp it, except for in contrast to tangible goods. Consequently it is an improper definition because it only enlightens what services is not, not what they are (Eiglier Langeard 1977:33). Upah and Fulton (1985:255) tried to deal with this shortfall. They define service intangibility as containing such things as physical effort, thought processes, demeanor, appearance, and the use (but not ownership) of goods or facilities. Services are not all intangible. They may be observed as being arranged on a continuum of intangibility, with pure services (which have no tangible element) at the one end of the continuum, and pure goods (which have no intangible element) at the other end (Schneider White 2004:7). The majority of services are in between the two ends of the intangibility continuum, for the reason that they have both tangible and intangible elements (Schneider White 2004:7). Services provided in education sector are closer to pure services on the intangibility continuum. Because of its intangibility, an accurate analysis of the quality of service is complicated (Eiglier Langeard 1977:44; Haywood-Farmer 1988:20). Not only is it hard to measure service quality, but one cannot store a service. (Haywood-Farmer 1988:20). The possible outcomes of service failure might also be more brutal. When there is no physical product that can be repaired or returned when service quality is not up to the requirements, customers have a tendency to use the medium to influence their dissatisfaction (Eiglier Langeard 1977:44). Schneider and White (2004:6) said that pure services are basically procedures that are experiences which yield psychological experiences more than they yield physical belongings. In measuring a service, it should be taken into account that a psychological procedure is to be evaluated and not physical goods. This is the cause why the perceptions of the users of the service are attained. Furthermore, carefulness should be considered in analyzing the results, as it should be fix in mind that, even though the measurement might not be totally correct it may be the best sign of the service quality available from the users of the service. Heterogeneity Pure services, which are composed of a delivery experience, cannot be formed at one time and in one place and then be stored for later utilization anywhere else. A service can also not be sent back (Eiglier Langeard 1977:37-39; Gaster Squires 2003:97; Schneider White 2004:7). So there is a relatively small time-gap between production and consumption, and services are consumed as they are produced(Grà ¶nroos 1978:591; Schneider White 2004:7; Speller Ghobadian 1993a:2). The failure to construct services long before they are utilized means that the same problem occurred as with intangibility, because there is no way of creating a service, examining it for faults, and then providing it to a customer (Eiglier Langeard 1977:37- 39; Grà ¶nroos 1978:591 Schneider White 2004:7). The usefulness of a service cannot be certain in advance, just assured on the basis of the established skill of the provider at a previous service encounter (Gaster Squires 2003:7). Education has different types of service. The services of registering students, assessing the results of students and delivering lectures can technically be separated, as there could be internal processes to check for the incorrect registration of students, assessment of results and formulating quality oriented lectures. There could also be additional internal processes to ensure the correct assessment of the students. The students can also assess the accuracy of the service of assessment. On the other hand, when, for example, a student visits a registration office with a query or telephones call, the service could be regarded as inseparable, as the response of the staff and teachers cannot be checked for defects before any communication takes place between the two parties. In view of the fact that each of the services at educational institute can lie at a different point on the separability-inseparability continuum, in the evaluation of the services educational institutions offers, the different services should be measured separately. Interdependence One exceptional characteristic of services is that the customer is not simply the user of the service, but also playing their role in the production and delivery of the service (Czepiel et al. 1985:3; Eiglier Langeard 1977:36; Grà ¶nroos 1984:37; Haywood-Farmer 1988:20; Kelly et al. 1990:1; Speller Ghobadian 1993a:2). This may be referred to as interdependence that can be defined as the effect interacting persons have on each others outcom es in a social relationship (McCallum Harrison 1985:35). For a lot of services, the customer is required to participation in information or effort prior to the service transaction can be completed (Kelly et al. 1990:1). A service organization does not perform well except the role of the customer sufficiently fulfilled (Eiglier Langeard 1977:37; Kelly et al. 1990:1; McCallum Harrison 1985:35). Therefore, service efficiency and quality depend not only on the performance of the service providers employees (teachers), but also on the performance of the consumer (Students) (Philip Hazlett 1997:262). Heterogeneity One more feature in the study of service literature is the reality that services are heterogeneous (Eiglier Langeard 1977:33; Schneider White 2004:8). On the one hand services are not mechanical and are only consistent and standardized up to a point, there may be immense change over time (Eiglier Langear d 1977:42). The human aspect in the production and delivery of services may indicate that no two service experiences are the same, as peoples performance varies always (Czepiel et al. 1985:3; Schneider White 2004:8). Various customers might have diverse demands that need to be met, or various service employees might go about meeting the similar customer demands somewhat different in a way (Schneider White 2004:8). This relative heterogeneity can make it more complex to examine services and to measure the quality checks in advance to guarantee that the services meet identical standards (Schneider White 2004:8). One of the consequences of the heterogeneity of services is that services cannot be standardized in a production process and are as a result of labor concentrated (Anthony Govindarajan 2000:621; Gaster Squires 2003:7). An additional result of the reality is that all services cannot be executed in one factory and cannot be distributed to warehouses to be put up for sale is that most service organizations operate many units in different locations (Anthony Govindarajan 2000:621). It is recognized that because services are human oriented, quality improvement cannot be attained by alterations to production processes, and might take long time to be effective and might even more cost more would be in the case for physical goods. Here the focal point is on the employee and the way in which the service is delivered and perceived by the customer will depend on the employee.

Lord Byron “When we two parted” Essay

Lord Byron was known for having one forbidden love, which is depicted in his poem â€Å"When we two parted†. The theme of the poem forbidden love comes from the poem itself telling a story about a love affair, and how both cannot coincide with each other, cheating and loving one person. The poem starts off with Byron and his mistress departing from one another, the two lovers now are nothing, but allusions, memories in each other’s mind. Also that they only both left with â€Å"half Broken Hearts†. The poem continues on with Byron informing the readers in the next lines â€Å" Pale grew thy cheek and cold, Colder thy kiss; Truly that hour foretold† That they both left in tears, and then they use imagery to describe the â€Å"morning dew† and how it reminds him of the shame Byron is facing. The shame that the shame that is being referred to in the morning dew is, that you cannot have love affair. Throughout the next verse of Byron’s poem he tells us that his conscious is now getting to him. He is realizing what he has been doing is wrong but he cant admit or tell his mistress that has departed already. He shows the audience he is now feeling the guilt and uneasiness is hard to bare with in this in the next lines: Hear thy name spoken, And share in its shame. They name thee before me, A knell to mine ear; A shrudder comes o’er me– In the lines to come he tells us that he was having an affair and he is now wishing he could take it all back for he knows what he has done is wrong. After he is finished admitting to his wrongdoing he now is faced with the guilt of this for the rest of his life. That he shall never meet his love again. But if he shall meet his love again he would tell her what he has done, but he will now have to live with this guilt for the rest of his life. He expresses these feelings in the closing verse of his poem: in secret we met– In silence I grieve, That thy heart could forget, Thy spirit deceive If I should meet thee After long years, How should I greet thee?– With silence and tears. Loving one means to love only one. You cannot win with two and you should never try. Love is a strong word and only had room for one. In this poem Byron talks about his affair and his lost. You see that he teaches us, no matter how good it feels at first, if you doing wrong, the pain will be even greater.

Truman Doctrine

Truman Doctrine Ryan Hauppa A. Plan of Investigation The following questions will be investigated: What were the events and decisions that led to the development of the Truman Doctrine? What was its effect on US Foreign Policy and its impact on Greece, Turkey and Europe? Research will be conducted concerning the Post World War II Treaties as Potsdam, Soviet Union aggression, and the Greek and Turkey Crisis. These events prompted the development of the Truman Doctrine – the US foreign policy to contain the spread of Communism. Truman’s 1947 Address that introduced the doctrine to the world, his own personal thoughts, and the support and criticism of the policy will be examined. The doctrine will be analyzed as to how it shaped future American policies and programs as the Marshall Plan and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War over forty years later. (Word Count -143) B. Summary of Evidence World War II devastated Europe. Millions of people died. Many of those remaining were starving and in need of food and shelter since the farms and cities of many countries were destroyed. Billions of dollars were spent. Countries were nearly bankrupt. Europe was in economic, social, and political devastation. After the surrender of Germany in 1945, the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met first at Yalta and later at Potsdam in Germany. They met to resolve war reparations and boundaries of Germany. As part of the agreements, Germany was divided into East and West. The Eastern portion was controlled by the Soviet Union and the West by the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Berlin, the capital, which is inside Eastern Germany, was also divided by the four countries. Pemberton 50) In 1945 and 1946, Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, had been taking over new countries including Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia by establishing governments favorable to him. (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) The Soviet Union focused next on Greece and Turkey. In February of 1947, Great Britain informed the United States in a â€Å"State Department Telegr am† that that they could no longer provide financial aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey since they did not have the money and resources. Both governments were being threatened by Communist insurgents. (Truman Library Telegram 1) Truman pledged that â€Å"it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures† in a â€Å"Address of the President of the United States† in March of 1947. (Truman Address 1) The economic aid program was costly amounting to total of more than $400 million for the two countries to aid the pro-democracy governments and oppose the Communists. The policy was later called the Truman Doctrine. Congress was divided over the program. Democrats wanted to give diplomacy and the newly formed United Nations a chance while Republicans were isolationist and concerned that the program was too costly. Despite a divided Congress, the program was adopted since both eventually were more concerned over the spread of Communism in the region. The Cold War confrontation had begun. The United States and its principles of freedom, capitalism, and democracy were fighting philosophically and economically against Communism and the Soviet Union. Donovan 286) Truman and George Marshall, his Secretary of State, then prepared for even greater aid for the rest of Europe. Their objective was to rebuild Western Europe and prevent a Communism take over of the remaining free nations. The policy was called the Marshall Plan, the European Economic Recovery Program. Over $13 billion in aid was provided in 1947. (Truman Memoirs 111) The Cold War was expanded. Stalin tried to disrupt the United States and it s allies in 1948 and 1949 by shutting down access to Berlin. Truman responded by airlifting supplies into the city until access as again. (Pemberton 102) Afterward, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 to defend Western Europe militarily against a Soviet invasion as response by the United States in the Cold War. The Soviet Union in turn allied the Eastern European nations under the Warsaw Pact. (Pemberton 104) The Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold War, was built in 1961 and later torn down in 1989 after many years of conflict. The Soviet Union ultimately collapsed in 1991. (Word Count – 567) C. Evaluation of Sources The most important source in investigating the topic of the Truman Doctrine is President Truman’s Memoirs. The actual 1947 â€Å"Presidential Address Recommending for Assistance to Greece and Turkey† and critical government documents as the â€Å"State Department Telegrams for Greece, Turkey and the USSR are included. Truman gives his own personal viewpoints of what happened while he was President. The researcher can obtain a clear view from the president himself. From his writings, you can tell that Truman was a hard working, â€Å"tell it like it is† man. When he made a decision, he stuck with it and moved on. The decision to proceed with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was difficult and not very popular, but Truman did it because he thought it was the right thing to do. The limitation of the source is that it was written by Truman and may make him look too favorable. The other source most used was the book written by Robert Donovan, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis. Mr. Donovan was a journalist at the White House during the Truman presidency. He provided critical firsthand insights into the actual events through his notes and research from the actual participants. His research into the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was more thorough and comprehensive than most of the other sources used that were cited in the research paper. Mr. Donovan provides an excellent historical perspective of the pros and cons of Truman’s and his staff’s decisions. The limitation of the source is that the book was written in 1977 so it does not include the perspective after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union and Communism in Europe. Word Count – 285) D. Analysis Truman in his Memoirs describes his 1947 Address as follows: â€Å"This was, I believe, the turning point in America’s foreign policy, which now declared that wherever aggression, direct or indirect, threatened by peace, the security of the United States was involved†¦After I delivered the speech the world reaction proved that t his approach had been the right one†. Truman went on further to describe in other addresses â€Å"the alternate ways of life†¦ One way is based on the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion and freedom from political oppression†¦The second way of life is based upon the will of the minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the suppression of personal freedoms†. (106) Truman believes that the United States and its democratic way of life is better then the Soviet Union and its evil oppressive way of life. He wanted to make sure that the world understood his commitment by his strong language. The Communists should not quickly take over free countries and threaten the United States and its allies. His own divided Congress should beware of the past policies of isolationism and the hope that diplomacy and the United Nations could solve the crisis. The Soviet Union already had taken over the Eastern European countries in violation of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. The Greece and Turkey crisis was critical to victory in the Cold War. If either Greece or Turkey fell to the Soviet Union, the other would follow. More nations would tumble â€Å"as a row of falling dominoes† extending Soviet domination to Europe, the Middle East oil fields, and Africa. (Hamby 391) (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) Communism could have spread very quickly worldwide, but it did not. The Truman Doctrine is the epitome of the containment of Communism. (Donovan 284) Greece, Turkey, Europe, and even Russia, the former Soviet Union, are currently free and democratic nations. Europe was in economic, political, and social devastation after World War II. Winston Churchill once declared, â€Å"What is Europe now? It is a rubble-heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground of pestilence and hate. † It was the perfect time for the Soviet Union to support Communism. (Goldman 66) At over $13 billion, it was aid on a much greater scale. The Truman Doctrine prompted the Marshall Plan. Truman in his Memoirs claimed that the plan was developed to do the following: (1) Counter increasing pressure of Communist imperialism, and (2) Rebuild Europe. By rebuilding Europe, America would help to establish that healthy economic balance which is essential to the peace of the world. 111) Rebuilding Europe was not only a national security issue but also a national economic issue. At the end of World War II, the United States was a major exporter. (Donovan 287) Without a strong Europe, the United States would likely have had a poor economy for many years because of lack of trade with Europe. Instead, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan led to over fifty years of prosperity for Europe and the United States and the end of the Cold War. (Word Count – 534) E. Conclusion With the Truman Doctrine, the United States entered a new era of foreign policy. Great Britain, France, and Germany were no longer the colonial powers. The United States was the most powerful free nation in the world. The balance of power changed. Over the next forty years, the United States and the Soviet Union fought a Cold War for a way of life. The United States spent trillions of dollars, but the spread of Communism in Europe was contained. The result would have never have occurred had it not been for Truman’s bold move in Greece and Turkey. The cost was great, but the cost would have been greater if United States lost. Europe could have turned Communist. Instead, the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. Russia has enacted democratic reforms and a capitalist economy, which is ultimate proof of the success of the Truman Doctrine. (Word Count – 148) F. List of Sources Donovan, Robert, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977. Goldman, Eric Frederick, The Crucial Decade and After: America, 1945-1960, New York: Random House Inc. , 1956. Hamby, Alonzo L, A Life of Harry S. Truman, Man of the People, New York: Oxford University Press Inc, 1995. Pemberton, William, Harry S. Truman, Fair Dealer & Cold Warrior, Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989. State Department, â€Å"Summary of Telegrams for Greece, Poland and USSR,† 25 February 1947, Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , â€Å"Address of the President of the United States: Recommendation of Assistance to Greece and Turkey,† 12 March 1947 Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vol. 2. Garden City, Time, Inc. 1956. Woelfel, Scott, â€Å"Interactive Maps,† Cold War, CNN Interactive, April 1999 Oct 15, 2005 G. Appendix Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine Ryan Hauppa A. Plan of Investigation The following questions will be investigated: What were the events and decisions that led to the development of the Truman Doctrine? What was its effect on US Foreign Policy and its impact on Greece, Turkey and Europe? Research will be conducted concerning the Post World War II Treaties as Potsdam, Soviet Union aggression, and the Greek and Turkey Crisis. These events prompted the development of the Truman Doctrine – the US foreign policy to contain the spread of Communism. Truman’s 1947 Address that introduced the doctrine to the world, his own personal thoughts, and the support and criticism of the policy will be examined. The doctrine will be analyzed as to how it shaped future American policies and programs as the Marshall Plan and led to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War over forty years later. (Word Count -143) B. Summary of Evidence World War II devastated Europe. Millions of people died. Many of those remaining were starving and in need of food and shelter since the farms and cities of many countries were destroyed. Billions of dollars were spent. Countries were nearly bankrupt. Europe was in economic, social, and political devastation. After the surrender of Germany in 1945, the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union met first at Yalta and later at Potsdam in Germany. They met to resolve war reparations and boundaries of Germany. As part of the agreements, Germany was divided into East and West. The Eastern portion was controlled by the Soviet Union and the West by the United States, United Kingdom, and France. Berlin, the capital, which is inside Eastern Germany, was also divided by the four countries. Pemberton 50) In 1945 and 1946, Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union, had been taking over new countries including Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia by establishing governments favorable to him. (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) The Soviet Union focused next on Greece and Turkey. In February of 1947, Great Britain informed the United States in a â€Å"State Department Telegr am† that that they could no longer provide financial aid to the governments of Greece and Turkey since they did not have the money and resources. Both governments were being threatened by Communist insurgents. (Truman Library Telegram 1) Truman pledged that â€Å"it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressures† in a â€Å"Address of the President of the United States† in March of 1947. (Truman Address 1) The economic aid program was costly amounting to total of more than $400 million for the two countries to aid the pro-democracy governments and oppose the Communists. The policy was later called the Truman Doctrine. Congress was divided over the program. Democrats wanted to give diplomacy and the newly formed United Nations a chance while Republicans were isolationist and concerned that the program was too costly. Despite a divided Congress, the program was adopted since both eventually were more concerned over the spread of Communism in the region. The Cold War confrontation had begun. The United States and its principles of freedom, capitalism, and democracy were fighting philosophically and economically against Communism and the Soviet Union. Donovan 286) Truman and George Marshall, his Secretary of State, then prepared for even greater aid for the rest of Europe. Their objective was to rebuild Western Europe and prevent a Communism take over of the remaining free nations. The policy was called the Marshall Plan, the European Economic Recovery Program. Over $13 billion in aid was provided in 1947. (Truman Memoirs 111) The Cold War was expanded. Stalin tried to disrupt the United States and it s allies in 1948 and 1949 by shutting down access to Berlin. Truman responded by airlifting supplies into the city until access as again. (Pemberton 102) Afterward, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed in 1949 to defend Western Europe militarily against a Soviet invasion as response by the United States in the Cold War. The Soviet Union in turn allied the Eastern European nations under the Warsaw Pact. (Pemberton 104) The Berlin Wall, the symbol of the Cold War, was built in 1961 and later torn down in 1989 after many years of conflict. The Soviet Union ultimately collapsed in 1991. (Word Count – 567) C. Evaluation of Sources The most important source in investigating the topic of the Truman Doctrine is President Truman’s Memoirs. The actual 1947 â€Å"Presidential Address Recommending for Assistance to Greece and Turkey† and critical government documents as the â€Å"State Department Telegrams for Greece, Turkey and the USSR are included. Truman gives his own personal viewpoints of what happened while he was President. The researcher can obtain a clear view from the president himself. From his writings, you can tell that Truman was a hard working, â€Å"tell it like it is† man. When he made a decision, he stuck with it and moved on. The decision to proceed with the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was difficult and not very popular, but Truman did it because he thought it was the right thing to do. The limitation of the source is that it was written by Truman and may make him look too favorable. The other source most used was the book written by Robert Donovan, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis. Mr. Donovan was a journalist at the White House during the Truman presidency. He provided critical firsthand insights into the actual events through his notes and research from the actual participants. His research into the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan was more thorough and comprehensive than most of the other sources used that were cited in the research paper. Mr. Donovan provides an excellent historical perspective of the pros and cons of Truman’s and his staff’s decisions. The limitation of the source is that the book was written in 1977 so it does not include the perspective after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the end of the Soviet Union and Communism in Europe. Word Count – 285) D. Analysis Truman in his Memoirs describes his 1947 Address as follows: â€Å"This was, I believe, the turning point in America’s foreign policy, which now declared that wherever aggression, direct or indirect, threatened by peace, the security of the United States was involved†¦After I delivered the speech the world reaction proved that t his approach had been the right one†. Truman went on further to describe in other addresses â€Å"the alternate ways of life†¦ One way is based on the will of the majority, and is distinguished by free institutions, representative government, free elections, guarantees of individual liberty, freedom of speech and religion and freedom from political oppression†¦The second way of life is based upon the will of the minority forcibly imposed upon the majority. It relies upon terror and oppression, a controlled press and radio, fixed elections and the suppression of personal freedoms†. (106) Truman believes that the United States and its democratic way of life is better then the Soviet Union and its evil oppressive way of life. He wanted to make sure that the world understood his commitment by his strong language. The Communists should not quickly take over free countries and threaten the United States and its allies. His own divided Congress should beware of the past policies of isolationism and the hope that diplomacy and the United Nations could solve the crisis. The Soviet Union already had taken over the Eastern European countries in violation of the Yalta and Potsdam agreements. The Greece and Turkey crisis was critical to victory in the Cold War. If either Greece or Turkey fell to the Soviet Union, the other would follow. More nations would tumble â€Å"as a row of falling dominoes† extending Soviet domination to Europe, the Middle East oil fields, and Africa. (Hamby 391) (CNN Cold War Appendix Maps) Communism could have spread very quickly worldwide, but it did not. The Truman Doctrine is the epitome of the containment of Communism. (Donovan 284) Greece, Turkey, Europe, and even Russia, the former Soviet Union, are currently free and democratic nations. Europe was in economic, political, and social devastation after World War II. Winston Churchill once declared, â€Å"What is Europe now? It is a rubble-heap, a charnel house, a breeding ground of pestilence and hate. † It was the perfect time for the Soviet Union to support Communism. (Goldman 66) At over $13 billion, it was aid on a much greater scale. The Truman Doctrine prompted the Marshall Plan. Truman in his Memoirs claimed that the plan was developed to do the following: (1) Counter increasing pressure of Communist imperialism, and (2) Rebuild Europe. By rebuilding Europe, America would help to establish that healthy economic balance which is essential to the peace of the world. 111) Rebuilding Europe was not only a national security issue but also a national economic issue. At the end of World War II, the United States was a major exporter. (Donovan 287) Without a strong Europe, the United States would likely have had a poor economy for many years because of lack of trade with Europe. Instead, the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan led to over fifty years of prosperity for Europe and the United States and the end of the Cold War. (Word Count – 534) E. Conclusion With the Truman Doctrine, the United States entered a new era of foreign policy. Great Britain, France, and Germany were no longer the colonial powers. The United States was the most powerful free nation in the world. The balance of power changed. Over the next forty years, the United States and the Soviet Union fought a Cold War for a way of life. The United States spent trillions of dollars, but the spread of Communism in Europe was contained. The result would have never have occurred had it not been for Truman’s bold move in Greece and Turkey. The cost was great, but the cost would have been greater if United States lost. Europe could have turned Communist. Instead, the Berlin Wall and the Soviet Union collapsed. Russia has enacted democratic reforms and a capitalist economy, which is ultimate proof of the success of the Truman Doctrine. (Word Count – 148) F. List of Sources Donovan, Robert, The Presidency of Harry Truman 1945-1958 Conflict & Crisis, Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1977. Goldman, Eric Frederick, The Crucial Decade and After: America, 1945-1960, New York: Random House Inc. , 1956. Hamby, Alonzo L, A Life of Harry S. Truman, Man of the People, New York: Oxford University Press Inc, 1995. Pemberton, William, Harry S. Truman, Fair Dealer & Cold Warrior, Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1989. State Department, â€Å"Summary of Telegrams for Greece, Poland and USSR,† 25 February 1947, Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , â€Å"Address of the President of the United States: Recommendation of Assistance to Greece and Turkey,† 12 March 1947 Truman Presidential Museum and Library, 15 April 2003 Truman, Harry S. , Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vol. 2. Garden City, Time, Inc. 1956. Woelfel, Scott, â€Å"Interactive Maps,† Cold War, CNN Interactive, April 1999 Oct 15, 2005 G. Appendix